Anthu okonda magalimoto nthawi zonse amakhala okonda kwambiri mainjini, koma magetsi sangaimitsidwe, ndipo zidziwitso za anthu ena zingafunike kusinthidwa.
Chodziwika kwambiri masiku ano ndi injini yozungulira inayi, yomwe imakhalanso gwero la mphamvu zamagalimoto ambiri oyendera mafuta.Mofanana ndi injini zowotcha zinayi, zikwapu ziwiri ndi Wankel rotor zama injini oyatsira mkati, magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma synchronous motors ndi asynchronous motors malinga ndi kusiyana kwa ma rotor.Ma Asynchronous motors amatchedwanso induction motors, pomwe ma synchronous motors amakhala ndi maginito okhazikika.komanso kusangalatsa injini.
Stator ndi Rotor
Mitundu yonse yamagetsi yamagalimoto amagetsi imakhala ndi magawo awiri akulu: stator ndi rotor.
Stator▼
Stator ndi gawo la injini yomwe imakhala yoyima ndipo ndi nyumba yokhazikika yagalimoto, yoyikidwa pa chassis ngati chipika cha injini.Rotor ndiye gawo lokhalo losuntha la injini, lofanana ndi crankshaft, lomwe limatumiza torque kudzera pakupatsirana ndi kusiyanitsa.
Stator ili ndi magawo atatu: stator core, stator winding ndi frame.Ma grooves ambiri ofanana m'thupi la stator amadzazidwa ndi mamphepo amkuwa olumikizidwa.
Mapiringirowa amakhala ndi zoyika bwino zachitsulo zahairpin zomwe zimachulukitsa kachulukidwe ka slot ndikulumikizana ndi waya kupita pawaya.Mapiritsi owundana amawonjezera mphamvu ya torque, pomwe malekezero ake amakhala osasunthika bwino, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa phukusi laling'ono lonse.
Stator ndi rotor▼
Ntchito yaikulu ya stator ndi kupanga maginito ozungulira (RMF), pamene ntchito yaikulu ya rotor iyenera kudulidwa ndi mizere ya mphamvu ya maginito mu maginito ozungulira kuti apange (zotulutsa) zamakono.
Galimoto imagwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu osinthira magetsi kuti akhazikitse gawo lozungulira, ndipo ma frequency ake ndi mphamvu zake zimayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimayankha pa accelerator.Mabatire ndi zida zapano (DC) zachindunji, motero magetsi amagetsi agalimoto yamagetsi amaphatikiza chosinthira cha DC-AC chomwe chimapatsa stator ndi AC yapano yofunikira kuti ipange maginito ofunika kwambiri.
Koma ndizoyenera kunena kuti ma motors awa ndi ma jenereta, kutanthauza kuti mawilo amayendetsa rotor mkati mwa stator, ndikupangitsa kuti maginito azungulira mbali ina, kutumiza mphamvu ku batri kudzera pa chosinthira cha AC-DC.
Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti regenerative braking, imapangitsa kuti galimoto ikhale yokoka ndikuchepetsa.Kukonzanso kumakhala pachimake osati kungokulitsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi, komanso ma hybrids opambana kwambiri, popeza kusinthika kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala bwino.Koma m'dziko lenileni, kukonzanso sikothandiza ngati "kugudubuza galimoto," komwe kumapewa kutaya mphamvu.
Ma EV ambiri amadalira kaphatikizidwe ka liwiro limodzi kuti achepetse kuthamanga pakati pa mota ndi mawilo.Monga injini zoyatsira mkati, ma motors amagetsi amagwira bwino kwambiri pa low rpm komanso katundu wambiri.
Ngakhale ma EV amatha kukhala abwino ndi giya imodzi, ma pickups olemera kwambiri ndi ma SUV amagwiritsa ntchito ma transmissions othamanga kwambiri kuti achulukitse kuthamanga kwambiri.
Ma EV amitundu yambiri ndi achilendo, ndipo lero, Audi e-tron GT ndi Porsche Taycan okha amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo awiri othamanga.
Mitundu itatu Yamagalimoto
Wobadwa m'zaka za m'ma 1800, rotor ya motor induction imakhala ndi zigawo zazitali kapena mizere yazinthu zoyendetsera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamkuwa ndipo nthawi zina aluminiyamu.Mphamvu yamaginito yozungulira ya stator imapangitsa kuti pakhale maginito m'mapepalawa, omwe amapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (EMF) yomwe imayamba kuzungulira mkati mwa mphamvu yamagetsi yozungulira ya stator.
Ma motors induction amatchedwa ma asynchronous motors chifukwa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi ndi torque yozungulira imatha kupangidwa kokha pomwe liwiro la rotor likutsalira kumbuyo kwa maginito ozungulira.Ma injini amtunduwu ndiwofala chifukwa safuna maginito osowa padziko lapansi ndipo ndi otsika mtengo kupanga.Koma samatha kutulutsa kutentha pa katundu wokhazikika, ndipo mwachibadwa sachita bwino pa liwiro lotsika.
Maginito okhazikika, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, rotor yake ili ndi maginito ake ndipo safuna mphamvu kuti ipange mphamvu ya maginito ya rotor.Iwo ali bwino pa otsika liwiro.Rotor yotere imazunguliranso synchronously ndi maginito ozungulira a stator, choncho amatchedwa motor synchronous.
Komabe, kungokulunga rotor ndi maginito kuli ndi zovuta zake.Choyamba, izi zimafuna maginito akuluakulu, ndipo ndi kulemera kowonjezera, zingakhale zovuta kusunga mu kulunzanitsa pa liwiro lalikulu.Koma vuto lalikulu ndi lotchedwa "back-speed EMF," lomwe limawonjezera kukoka, kuchepetsa mphamvu zakumapeto, ndikupanga kutentha kwakukulu komwe kungawononge maginito.
Kuti athetse vutoli, ma motors ambiri amagetsi okhazikika amagetsi amakhala ndi maginito okhazikika amkati (IPMs) omwe amatsetsereka awiriawiri kukhala ma longitudinal V woboola pakati, opangidwa ndi ma lobe angapo pansi pa chitsulo chapakati cha rotor.
V-groove imasunga maginito okhazikika pa liwiro lalikulu, koma imapanga torque yokayika pakati pa maginito.Maginito amakopeka kapena kuthamangitsidwa ndi maginito ena, koma kukana wamba, kumakopa ma lobes a rotor yachitsulo kumalo ozungulira maginito.
Maginito okhazikika amabwera pa liwiro lotsika, pomwe torque yakusafuna imatenga kuthamanga kwambiri.Prius amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo ili.
Mtundu wotsiriza wa injini yamakono yosangalatsa yangowonekera posachedwa m'magalimoto amagetsi.Zonsezi pamwambapa ndi ma motors opanda brush.Nzeru zodziwika bwino zimatsimikizira kuti ma motors opanda brush ndiye njira yokhayo yopangira magalimoto amagetsi.Ndipo BMW posachedwapa yatsutsana ndi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ndikuyika ma motors osakanikirana a AC osangalatsa pamitundu yatsopano ya i4 ndi iX.
Rotor yamtundu uwu wamoto imalumikizana ndi maginito ozungulira a stator, chimodzimodzi ngati rotor yanthawi zonse ya maginito, koma m'malo mokhala ndi maginito okhazikika, imagwiritsa ntchito mikwingwirima isanu ndi umodzi yamkuwa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku batri ya DC kuti ipange malo ofunikira amagetsi. .
Izi zimafuna mphete zozembera ndi maburashi a kasupe kuti ayikidwe pa shaft ya rotor, kotero anthu ena amawopa kuti maburashi amavala ndikuunjikira fumbi ndikusiya njira iyi.Ngakhale gulu la maburashi limatsekeredwa mumpanda wina wokhala ndi chivundikiro chochotseka, ziyenera kuwoneka ngati kuvala burashi kuli vuto.
Kusakhalapo kwa maginito okhazikika kumapewa kukwera mtengo kwa nthaka zosawerengeka komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha migodi.Yankholi limapangitsanso kusinthasintha mphamvu ya maginito a rotor, motero kumapangitsa kukhathamiritsa kwina.Komabe, kupatsa mphamvu kwa rotor kumawonongabe mphamvu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma motors awa asamagwire bwino ntchito, makamaka pa liwiro lotsika, pomwe mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga maginito ndi gawo lalikulu lazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'mbiri yaifupi yamagalimoto amagetsi, ma motors omwe ali okondwa a AC synchronous motors ndi atsopano, ndipo pali malo ambiri oti malingaliro atsopano apangidwe, ndipo pakhala pali kusintha kwakukulu, monga kuchoka kwa Tesla kuchoka ku induction motor concepts kupita ku nthawi zonse. maginito synchronous motor.Ndipo tatsala pang'ono kukwanitsa zaka khumi mu nthawi ya EV yamakono, ndipo tikungoyamba kumene.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-21-2023