Kukhala pamodzi kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe komanso chitukuko chokhazikika cha chuma cha padziko lonse chimapangitsa anthu kukhala ofunitsitsa kufunafuna njira zochepetsera zochepetsera komanso zogwiritsira ntchito zothandizira, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi mosakayikira ndi njira yabwino yothetsera.
Magalimoto amakono amagetsi ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimaphatikiza matekinoloje osiyanasiyana apamwamba monga magetsi, zamagetsi, kuwongolera makina, sayansi yazinthu, ndiukadaulo wamakina.Onse ntchito ntchito, chuma, etc. choyamba zimadalira dongosolo batire ndi galimoto galimoto kulamulira dongosolo.Makina oyendetsera galimoto yamagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo anayi, omwe ndi controller.Otembenuza mphamvu, ma motors ndi masensa.Pakadali pano, ma motors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma DC motors, ma induction motors, switched reluctance motors, ndi maginito osasunthika maburashi.
1. Zofunikira zoyambira zamagalimoto amagetsi zamagalimoto amagetsi
Kugwira ntchito kwa magalimoto amagetsi, mosiyana ndi ntchito zamakampani ambiri, ndizovuta kwambiri.Choncho, zofunika pa galimoto dongosolo ndi mkulu kwambiri.
1.1 Magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi amayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu yanthawi yomweyo, mphamvu zochulukira zochulukira, kuchuluka kwa 3 mpaka 4), magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
1.2 Magalimoto a magalimoto amagetsi amayenera kukhala ndi liwiro losiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza malo okhazikika a torque komanso malo amagetsi okhazikika.M'dera lokhazikika la torque, torque yayikulu imafunika mukathamanga pa liwiro lotsika kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira poyambira ndi kukwera;m'dera lamagetsi nthawi zonse, kuthamanga kwambiri kumafunika pamene torque yotsika ikufunika kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zoyendetsa mofulumira pamisewu yathyathyathya.Amafuna.
1.3 Galimoto yamagetsi yamagalimoto amagetsi iyenera kuzindikira kuwongolera kosinthika pamene galimoto ikuthamanga, kuchira ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu ku batri, kuti galimoto yamagetsi ikhale ndi mphamvu yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, yomwe siingakwaniritsidwe mu galimoto ya injini yoyaka mkati. .
1.4 Galimoto yamagetsi yamagalimoto amagetsi iyenera kukhala yogwira ntchito bwino pamagawo onse ogwiritsira ntchito, kuti ipititse patsogolo maulendo amtundu umodzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamafunikanso kuti galimoto yamagetsi yamagalimoto amagetsi ikhale yodalirika, imatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso oyenera kupanga misa, imakhala ndi phokoso lochepa pogwira ntchito, ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. ndi kusamalira, ndi zotsika mtengo.
Mitundu ya 2 ndi Njira Zowongolera Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Amagetsi
2.1 DC
Ma motors Ubwino waukulu wa ma brushed DC motors ndikuwongolera kosavuta komanso ukadaulo wokhwima.Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri owongolera osafananizidwa ndi ma mota a AC.M'magalimoto amagetsi opangidwa koyambirira, ma motors a DC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale pano, magalimoto ena amagetsi amayendetsedwabe ndi ma motors a DC.Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa maburashi ndi ma commutators opangidwa ndi makina, sikungolepheretsa kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ndi liwiro la injini, komanso kumafunika kukonzanso kawirikawiri ndikusintha maburashi ndi ma commutators ngati akuyenda kwa nthawi yaitali.Kuonjezera apo, popeza kutayika kulipo pa rotor, n'zovuta kutaya kutentha, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonjezereka kwa chiŵerengero cha torque-to-mass.Poganizira zolakwika zomwe zili pamwambapa za ma DC motors, ma mota a DC sagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi omwe angopangidwa kumene.
2.2 AC magawo atatu induction motor
2.2.1 Magwiridwe oyambira a AC magawo atatu olowetsa mota
Ma AC atatu-gawo induction motors ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Ma stator ndi rotor amapangidwa ndi mapepala achitsulo a silicon, ndipo palibe mphete zozembera, ma commutators ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimalumikizana pakati pa stators.Kapangidwe kosavuta, ntchito yodalirika komanso yolimba.Kuphimba mphamvu ya AC induction motor ndi yotakata kwambiri, ndipo liwiro limafika 12000 ~ 15000r/min.Kuziziritsa kwa mpweya kapena kuziziritsa kwamadzi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi ufulu wozizira kwambiri.Ili ndi kusinthika kwabwino kwa chilengedwe ndipo imatha kuzindikira kubwezeretsanso mayankho.Poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yomweyo DC galimoto, dzuwa ndi apamwamba, khalidwe kuchepetsedwa pafupifupi theka, mtengo ndi wotchipa, ndi kukonza ndi yabwino.
2.2.2 Dongosolo lowongolera
ya AC induction motor Chifukwa AC ya magawo atatu induction motor sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya DC yomwe imaperekedwa ndi batire, ndipo AC yodutsa magawo atatu ili ndi mawonekedwe osatulutsa.Chifukwa chake, mugalimoto yamagetsi yogwiritsa ntchito AC magawo atatu induction motor, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo champhamvu cha semiconductor mu inverter kuti mutembenuzire pakali pano kukhala njira yosinthira yomwe ma frequency ndi matalikidwe amatha kusinthidwa kuti azindikire kuwongolera kwa AC. mota wagawo atatu.Pali makamaka njira zowongolera za v/f ndi njira yozembera pafupipafupi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera vekitala, ma frequency akusintha kwaposachedwa kwa mafunde osangalatsa a AC magawo atatu olowetsa mota ndikusintha kosinthika kwa athandizira agawo atatu agawo la AC amawongoleredwa, kuthamanga kwa maginito ndi torque ya maginito ozungulira. ya AC magawo atatu induction motor amawongoleredwa, ndipo kusintha kwa AC magawo atatu induction motor kumachitika.Kuthamanga ndi kutulutsa torque kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kusintha kwa katundu, ndipo kumatha kupeza bwino kwambiri, kotero kuti AC magawo atatu induction motor itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi.
2.2.3 Zolakwika za
AC magawo atatu induction motor Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa AC magawo atatu induction motor ndi yayikulu, ndipo rotor ndiyosavuta kutentha.Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kuziziritsa kwa AC magawo atatu opangira ma motor pakuchita ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, apo ayi mota idzawonongeka.Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ya AC ndi yotsika, kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthira pafupipafupi komanso kutembenuka kwamagetsi imakhala yotsika, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthira pafupipafupi komanso kutembenuka kwamagetsi.Mtengo wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakeKuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera kwa liwiro la mota ya AC magawo atatu ndizovuta.
2.3 Permanent maginito brushless DC galimoto
2.3.1 Ntchito yayikulu ya maginito osatha brushless DC mota
Permanent maginito brushless DC mota ndi mota yochita bwino kwambiri.Chomwe chili chachikulu ndikuti ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja a mota ya DC yopanda makina olumikizana ndi maburashi.Kuphatikiza apo, imatenga rotor yanthawi zonse ya maginito, ndipo palibe kutayika kosangalatsa: chowotcha chamoto chimayikidwa pa stator yakunja, yomwe ndi yosavuta kutulutsa kutentha.Chifukwa chake, maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor ilibe zipsera zosinthira, palibe kusokoneza wailesi, moyo wautali komanso ntchito yodalirika., kukonza kosavuta.Kuphatikiza apo, liwiro lake silimangokhala ndi kusintha kwamakina, ndipo ngati mayendedwe a mpweya kapena maginito kuyimitsidwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kuthamanga mpaka ma revolution mazana angapo pamphindi.Poyerekeza ndi maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor system, imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamphamvu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino pamagalimoto amagetsi.
2.3.2 Dongosolo lowongolera maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor The
maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor ndi quasi-decoupling vector control system.Popeza maginito okhazikika amatha kupanga maginito okhazikika, maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor system ndiyofunika kwambiri.Ndiwoyenera kuthamanga m'dera la torque nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yaposachedwa ya hysteresis kapena njira yaposachedwa ya SPWM kuti amalize.Pofuna kukulitsa liwiro, maginito okhazikika a brushless DC amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kufooketsa munda.Akamanena za munda kufooketsa ulamuliro ndi patsogolo gawo ngodya ya gawo panopa kupereka mwachindunji-olamulira demagnetization kuthekera kufooketsa kugwirizana flux mu stator mafunde.
2.3.3 Kusakwanira kwa
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor imakhudzidwa ndikuletsedwa ndi njira yokhazikika ya maginito, yomwe imapangitsa kuti maginito okhazikika a brushless DC achepetse, ndipo mphamvu yayikulu ndi ma kilowatts khumi okha.Zinthu zokhazikika za maginito zikamagwedezeka, kutentha kwambiri komanso kudzaza kwapano, mphamvu yake ya maginito imatha kuchepa kapena kufooketsa, zomwe zingachepetse magwiridwe antchito a maginito okhazikika, komanso kuwononga injiniyo pakagwa zovuta kwambiri.Zochulukira sizichitika.Munthawi yokhazikika yamagetsi, maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor ndizovuta kugwira ntchito ndipo zimafunikira makina owongolera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina oyendetsa maginito okhazikika a brushless DC akhale okwera mtengo kwambiri.
2.4 Kusintha Kwagalimoto Yokakamira
2.4.1 Magwiridwe Oyambira a Makina Osinthira Osafuna
The switched relucance motor ndi mtundu watsopano wa mota.Dongosololi lili ndi zinthu zambiri zodziwikiratu: mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta kuposa mota ina iliyonse, ndipo palibe mphete, ma windings ndi maginito okhazikika pa rotor ya injini, koma pa stator.Pali mafunde osavuta okhazikika, malekezero a mafunde ndiafupi, ndipo palibe jumper ya interphase, yomwe ndi yosavuta kuyisamalira ndi kukonza.Choncho, kudalirika ndi kwabwino, ndipo liwiro likhoza kufika 15000 r / min.Kuchita bwino kumatha kufika 85% mpaka 93%, komwe ndikwapamwamba kuposa ma AC induction motors.Kutayika kumakhala makamaka mu stator, ndipo galimotoyo imakhala yosavuta kuziziritsa;rotor ndi maginito okhazikika, omwe ali ndi machitidwe othamanga kwambiri komanso osinthasintha, omwe ndi osavuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za mawonekedwe a torque-liwiro, ndipo amasunga bwino kwambiri pamitundu yambiri.Ndiwoyenera kwambiri pazofunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi.
2.4.2 Makina owongolera osafuna kusintha
Magalimoto osunthika osinthika amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa chake, makina ake oyendetsa ndi ovuta kwambiri.Dongosolo lake lowongolera limaphatikizapo chosinthira mphamvu.
a.Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa injini yosinthira kukana kwa chosinthira mphamvu, ziribe kanthu kutsogolo kwamakono kapena kumbuyo kwamakono, mayendedwe a torque sasintha, ndipo nthawiyo imasinthidwa.Gawo lirilonse limangofunika chubu chosinthira mphamvu chokhala ndi mphamvu yaying'ono, ndipo gawo losinthira mphamvu ndilosavuta, palibe kulephera mowongoka, kudalirika kwabwino, kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito poyambira kofewa komanso magwiridwe antchito a quadrant anayi, komanso mphamvu yamphamvu yosinthira mabuleki. .Mtengo wake ndi wotsika kuposa inverter control system ya AC magawo atatu induction motor.
b.Wolamulira
Wowongolera amakhala ndi ma microprocessors, mabwalo a digito ndi zida zina.Malinga ndi kulowetsa kwa lamulo la dalaivala, microprocessor imasanthula ndikusintha malo a rotor ya mota yomwe imadyetsedwa ndi chojambulira malo ndi chojambulira chapano nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga zisankho nthawi yomweyo, ndikupereka malamulo angapo wongolerani injini yosinthira kukana.Sinthani magwiridwe antchito amagetsi amagetsi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.Kuchita kwa wolamulira ndi kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kumadalira mgwirizano wa ntchito pakati pa mapulogalamu ndi hardware ya microprocessor.
c.Chodziwira malo
Ma motors osafuna osinthika amafunikira zowunikira zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zipereke mawonekedwe owongolera ndi zizindikiro zakusintha kwa malo, liwiro komanso momwe ma rotor amayendera, ndipo amafunikira ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri kuti achepetse phokoso la injini yosinthira kukana.
2.4.3 Zofooka za Makina Osinthira Osafuna
Dongosolo lowongolera la injini yosinthira kukana ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa machitidwe owongolera a injini zina.Chojambulira malo ndiye gawo lofunikira la injini yosinthira kukana, ndipo magwiridwe ake ali ndi chiwongolero chofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amotor yosinthika.Popeza makina osinthika osinthitsa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, pamakhala kusinthasintha kosapeweka kwa torque, ndipo phokoso ndiye vuto lalikulu la injini yosinthira kukana.Komabe, kafukufuku m'zaka zaposachedwa wawonetsa kuti phokoso la injini yosinthira kukana kutha kuthetsedwa potengera luso laukadaulo, kupanga ndi kuwongolera.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa torque yotulutsa yamagetsi osinthika komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwamagetsi apano a DC osinthira magetsi, chosinthira chachikulu cha fyuluta chiyenera kuyikidwa pa basi ya DC.Magalimoto atengera ma mota amagetsi osiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito mota ya DC yomwe imayendetsa bwino kwambiri komanso mtengo wotsika.Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wamagalimoto, ukadaulo wopanga makina, ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi ndiukadaulo wowongolera, ma AC motors.Ma motors okhazikika amagetsi a DC osasunthika komanso ma motors osinthika amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kuposa ma motors a DC, ndipo ma motors awa akusintha pang'onopang'ono ma mota a DC pamagalimoto amagetsi.Table 1 ikufanizira magwiridwe antchito amagetsi osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amakono amagetsi.Pakali pano, mtengo wa ma alternating motors apano, maginito okhazikika a maginito, ma motors osinthika osafuna ndi zida zawo zowongolera akadali okwera.Pambuyo popanga zinthu zambiri, mitengo ya ma motors awa ndi zida zowongolera ma unit idzatsika mwachangu, zomwe zidzakwaniritse zofunikira za phindu lazachuma ndikupanga mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi wachepetsedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-24-2022