Magalimoto amagetsi amapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo atatu: motor drive system, batire system ndi system control yamagalimoto.Dongosolo loyendetsa magalimoto ndi gawo lomwe limasintha mwachindunji mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, yomwe imatsimikizira zomwe zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito agalimoto zamagetsi.Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwagalimoto yoyendetsa ndikofunikira kwambiri.
M'malo oteteza chilengedwe, magalimoto amagetsi amakhalanso malo opangira kafukufuku m'zaka zaposachedwa.Magalimoto amagetsi amatha kutulutsa ziro kapena kutsika kwambiri mumayendedwe akumatauni, ndipo amakhala ndi zabwino zambiri pankhani yachitetezo cha chilengedwe.Mayiko onse akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apange magalimoto amagetsi.Magalimoto amagetsi amapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo atatu: motor drive system, batire system ndi system control yamagalimoto.Dongosolo loyendetsa magalimoto ndi gawo lomwe limasintha mwachindunji mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, yomwe imatsimikizira zomwe zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito agalimoto zamagetsi.Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwagalimoto yoyendetsa ndikofunikira kwambiri.
1. Zofunikira pamagalimoto amagetsi pamagalimoto oyendetsa
Pakalipano, kuwunika kwa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto yamagetsi kumaganizira kwambiri zizindikiro zitatu zotsatirazi:
(1) Maximum mileage (km): kutalika kwa mtunda wagalimoto yamagetsi batire ikatha;
(2) Kuthamanga kwachangu (s): nthawi yochepa yofunikira kuti galimoto yamagetsi ifulumire kuchoka pa kuyima kupita ku liwiro linalake;
(3) Liwiro lalikulu (km/h): liwiro lalikulu lomwe galimoto yamagetsi imatha kufikira.
Ma motors opangidwa kuti aziyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi amakhala ndi zofunikira zapadera poyerekeza ndi ma mota am'mafakitale:
(1) Galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imafuna kuti pakhale mphamvu zogwira ntchito pafupipafupi poyambira / kuyimitsa, kuthamanga / kutsika, ndi kuwongolera ma torque;
(2) Pofuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto yonse, maulendo othamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, zomwe zimafuna kuti galimotoyo ipereke torque yapamwamba pa liwiro lotsika kapena kukwera pamtunda, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kupirira nthawi 4-5. kulemetsa;
(3) Kuthamanga kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake;
(4) Galimotoyo idapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi liwiro lalitali kwambiri momwe ingathere, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chotengera cha aluminiyamu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe mungathere.Galimoto yothamanga kwambiri ndi yaying'ono, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa magalimoto amagetsi;
(5) Magalimoto amagetsi amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso kukhala ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa mphamvu zama braking.Mphamvu zomwe zimabwezedwa ndi braking regenerative ziyenera kufika 10% -20% ya mphamvu yonse;
(6) Malo ogwirira ntchito a galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi ndi ovuta komanso ovuta, omwe amafuna kuti galimotoyo ikhale yodalirika komanso yodalirika komanso yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kuti mtengo wa galimoto sungakhale wokwera kwambiri.
2. Ma motors angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
2.1 DC mota
Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi, magalimoto ambiri amagetsi ankagwiritsa ntchito ma motors a DC monga magalimoto oyendetsa.Ukadaulo wamtundu uwu wamagalimoto ndi wokhwima, uli ndi njira zosavuta zowongolera komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri liwiro.M'mbuyomu inali yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto oyendetsa liwiro..Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta zamakina a mota ya DC, monga: maburashi ndi ma commutators amakina, mphamvu yake yodzaza pompopompo komanso kuwonjezereka kwa liwiro lagalimoto kumakhala kochepa, ndipo ngati ikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, mawonekedwe amakina galimoto idzakhala Kutayika kumapangidwa ndipo ndalama zosamalira zimawonjezeka.Kuonjezera apo, pamene galimoto ikuthamanga, zokoka zochokera m'maburashi zimapanga kutentha kwa rotor, kutaya mphamvu, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutaya kutentha, komanso kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamagetsi amagetsi, zomwe zimakhudza momwe galimoto ikuyendera.Chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe zili pamwambapa za ma DC motors, magalimoto amagetsi apano achotsa ma DC motors.
2.2 AC asynchronous mota
AC asynchronous mota ndi mtundu wamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani.Zimadziwika kuti stator ndi rotor zimayikidwa ndi mapepala achitsulo a silicon.Mapeto onsewa amapakidwa ndi zofunda za aluminiyamu., ntchito yodalirika komanso yokhazikika, kukonza kosavuta.Poyerekeza ndi mota ya DC yamphamvu yomweyi, mota ya AC asynchronous ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ndipo unyinji wake ndi pafupifupi theka lopepuka.Ngati njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka vekitala ikatengera, kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera liwiro kokulirapo kofananira ndi mota ya DC imatha kupezeka.Chifukwa cha ubwino wochita bwino kwambiri, mphamvu zapadera, komanso kuyenerera kwa ntchito zothamanga kwambiri, ma AC asynchronous motors ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri.Pakadali pano, ma AC asynchronous motors apangidwa pamlingo waukulu, ndipo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zokhwima zomwe mungasankhe.Komabe, pakuchita ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, rotor ya mota imatenthedwa kwambiri, ndipo mota iyenera kuziziritsidwa pogwira ntchito.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuyendetsa galimoto ya asynchronous kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa galimotoyo ndi wokwera kwambiri.Poyerekeza ndi maginito okhazikika komanso kusafuna kosinthika Kwa ma motors, mphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa ma asynchronous motors ndizochepa, zomwe sizingathandize kukonza mtunda wautali wamagalimoto amagetsi.
2.3 Galimoto yamaginito yokhazikika
Ma motors okhazikika a maginito amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri malinga ndi mafunde apano a stator windings, imodzi ndi brushless DC motor, yomwe ili ndi mafunde amtundu wamakona;ina ndi maginito okhazikika synchronous motor, yomwe ili ndi sine wave panopa.Mitundu iwiri ya ma motors ndi yofanana pamapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito.Ma rotor ndi maginito osatha, omwe amachepetsa kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chisangalalo.Stator imayikidwa ndi ma windings kuti ipange torque kudzera pamagetsi osinthasintha, kotero kuziziritsa ndikosavuta.Chifukwa makina amtunduwu safunikira kuyika maburashi ndi makina osinthira makina, palibe zipsera zosinthira zomwe zingapangidwe panthawi yogwira ntchito, ntchitoyo ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika, kukonza ndikosavuta, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikokwera.
Dongosolo lowongolera la injini yamagetsi yokhazikika ndilosavuta kuposa makina owongolera a AC asynchronous motor.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa njira yokhazikika ya maginito, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kwa injini ya maginito okhazikika ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mphamvu yayikulu nthawi zambiri imakhala mamiliyoni makumi ambiri, chomwe ndi vuto lalikulu la injini yokhazikika ya maginito.Pa nthawi yomweyo, okhazikika maginito zakuthupi pa rotor adzakhala ndi chodabwitsa cha kuwola maginito pansi pa zikhalidwe za kutentha, kugwedera ndi overcurrent, choncho pansi ndi zovuta ntchito zinthu, okhazikika maginito galimoto sachedwa kuwonongeka.Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wazinthu zamaginito okhazikika ndi wokwera, motero mtengo wagalimoto yonse ndi dongosolo lake lowongolera ndilapamwamba.
2.4 Kusintha Kwagalimoto Yokakamira
Monga mtundu watsopano wamagalimoto, makina osinthira osinthika amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamagalimoto oyendetsa.Ma stator ndi rotor onse ndi zida ziwiri zowoneka bwino zopangidwa ndi ma sheet wamba a silicon.Palibe dongosolo pa rotor.Stator imakhala ndi mafunde osavuta okhazikika, omwe ali ndi zabwino zambiri monga mawonekedwe osavuta komanso olimba, odalirika kwambiri, opepuka, otsika mtengo, okwera mtengo, otsika kutentha, komanso kukonza kosavuta.Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri owongolera liwiro la DC liwiro, ndipo ndiyoyenera madera ovuta, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galimoto yoyendetsera magalimoto amagetsi.
Poganizira kuti monga ma motors amagetsi oyendetsa galimoto, ma DC motors ndi maginito okhazikika amakhala osasinthika bwino pamapangidwe ndi malo ovuta ogwirira ntchito, ndipo amakonda kulephera kwamakina ndi demagnetization, pepalali limayang'ana kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ma switched reluctance motors ndi ma AC asynchronous motors.Poyerekeza ndi makina, ali ndi ubwino zoonekeratu mbali zotsatirazi.
2.4.1 Kapangidwe ka thupi lamoto
Kapangidwe ka injini yosinthira kukana ndiyosavuta kuposa ya gologolo-cage induction motor.Ubwino wake waukulu ndikuti palibe mafunde pa rotor, ndipo amangopangidwa ndi mapepala wamba achitsulo a silicon.Kutayika kwakukulu kwa injini yonse kumakhazikika pamapiritsi a stator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yosavuta kupanga, imakhala ndi zotsekemera zabwino, zosavuta kuzizizira, ndipo zimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ochotsera kutentha.Kapangidwe kagalimoto kameneka kamatha kuchepetsa kukula ndi kulemera kwa mota, ndipo zitha kupezeka ndi voliyumu yaying'ono.zazikulu zotulutsa mphamvu.Chifukwa cha kukhathamira kwamakina a motor rotor, ma motors osunthika osinthika atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito yothamanga kwambiri.
2.4.2 Magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto
Gawo lamakono la makina oyendetsa galimoto osinthika ndi amodzi ndipo alibe chochita ndi ma torque, ndipo chipangizo chimodzi chokha chosinthira chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti chigwirizane ndi machitidwe a ma quadrant anayi a galimotoyo.Dongosolo losinthira mphamvu limalumikizidwa mwachindunji mndandanda ndi mafunde osangalatsa agalimoto, ndipo gawo lililonse limapereka mphamvu paokha.Ngakhale kuti gawo linalake lokhotakhota kapena wowongolera galimotoyo alephera, amangofunika kuyimitsa ntchitoyo popanda kuyambitsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu.Chifukwa chake, thupi lonse lamoto ndi chosinthira mphamvu ndizotetezeka komanso zodalirika, motero ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kuposa makina asynchronous.
2.4.3 Magwiridwe a machitidwe agalimoto
Ma motors osinthika osinthika ali ndi magawo ambiri owongolera, ndipo ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagalimoto amagetsi anayi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowongolera ndi mapangidwe adongosolo, ndipo amatha kukhalabe ndi luso lapamwamba la braking m'malo othamanga kwambiri.Ma motors osinthika osafuna kungokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamitundu yambiri yama liwiro, zomwe sizingafanane ndi mitundu ina yamagalimoto oyendetsa.Kuchita uku ndikoyenera kwambiri kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo kumapindulitsa kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo maulendo amtundu wa magalimoto amagetsi.
3. Mapeto
Cholinga cha pepalali ndikuyika patsogolo ubwino wa injini yosinthira kukana ngati injini yoyendetsera magalimoto amagetsi poyerekeza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera liwiro lagalimoto, zomwe ndi malo opangira kafukufuku pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi.Kwa mtundu uwu wamoto wapadera, pali malo ambiri opangira ntchito zothandiza.Ofufuza akuyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti achite kafukufuku wamalingaliro, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zosowa za msika kuti zilimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mota yamtunduwu pochita.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-24-2022