Mbiri yamagalimoto amagetsi idayamba mu 1820, pomwe Hans Christian Oster adapeza mphamvu yamaginito yamagetsi, ndipo patatha chaka, Michael Faraday adapeza kusinthasintha kwamagetsi ndikumanga injini yoyamba ya DC.Faraday adapeza ma electromagnetic induction mu 1831, koma mpaka 1883 pomwe Tesla adapanga injini yolowetsa (asynchronous).Masiku ano, mitundu ikuluikulu ya makina amagetsi imakhalabe yofanana, DC, induction (asynchronous) ndi synchronous, zonse zochokera ku ziphunzitso zomwe zinapangidwa ndi kupezedwa ndi Alstead, Faraday ndi Tesla zaka zana zapitazo.
Chiyambireni kupangidwa kwa injini yopangira induction, yakhala injini yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano chifukwa chaubwino wa mota yopatsa mphamvu kuposa ma mota ena.Ubwino waukulu ndikuti ma induction motors safuna kulumikizidwa kwamagetsi pakati pa magawo osunthika ndi ozungulira a mota, chifukwa chake, safuna ma commutators (maburashi) ndipo ndi ma motors aulere.Ma motor induction alinso ndi mawonekedwe a kulemera kopepuka, kutsika kwa inertia, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchulukira kwakukulu.Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zotsika mtengo, zamphamvu, ndipo sizilephera pa liwiro lalikulu.Kuphatikiza apo, injini imatha kugwira ntchito pamalo ophulika popanda kuwomba.
Poganizira zabwino zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi, ma induction motors amatengedwa kuti ndi osinthika bwino amagetsi amagetsi, komabe, mphamvu zamakina nthawi zambiri zimafunikira pa liwiro losinthika, pomwe machitidwe owongolera liwiro sizinthu zazing'ono.Njira yokhayo yopangira masinthidwe othamanga kwambiri ndikupereka magetsi agawo atatu okhala ndi ma frequency osinthika komanso matalikidwe a mota asynchronous.Kuthamanga kwa rotor kumadalira kuthamanga kwa maginito ozungulira omwe amaperekedwa ndi stator, kotero kutembenuka kwafupipafupi kumafunika.Magetsi osinthika amafunikira, mphamvu yamagetsi imachepetsedwa pama frequency otsika, ndipo yapano iyenera kuchepetsedwa pochepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kusanayambike kwamagetsi amagetsi, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa ma induction motors kunatheka posintha ma stator windings atatu kuchokera kumtsinje kupita ku kugwirizana kwa nyenyezi, zomwe zinachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudutsa ma windings amoto.Ma motor induction alinso ndi ma windings opitilira ma stator atatu kuti alole kusiyanasiyana kwamagulu awiri.Komabe, mota yokhala ndi ma windings angapo ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa injiniyo imafunikira madoko opitilira atatu ndipo ma liwiro apadera okha ndi omwe amapezeka.Njira inanso yoyendetsera liwiro ingathe kupezedwa ndi injini yolowera pabalaza, pomwe malekezero a rotor amabweretsedwa pa mphete zozembera.Komabe, njira iyi mwachiwonekere imachotsa zabwino zambiri zamakina olowetsamo, ndikubweretsanso zotayika zina, zomwe zingayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito poyika zopinga kapena zotsatizana motsatizana kudutsa ma stator windings a induction motor.
Panthawiyo, njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizo zokha zomwe zinalipo kuti ziwongolere kuthamanga kwa ma induction motors, ndipo ma motors a DC analipo kale ndi maulendo othamanga kwambiri omwe sanalole kugwira ntchito m'magawo anayi okha, komanso anaphimba mphamvu zambiri.Ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera komanso ngakhale kuyankha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, komabe choyipa chake chachikulu ndichofunikira chofunikira pamaburashi.
Pomaliza
M'zaka 20 zapitazi, ukadaulo wa semiconductor wapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndikupereka mikhalidwe yofunikira kuti pakhale makina oyendetsa ma induction motor.Izi zili m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
(1) Kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
(2) Kuthekera kokhazikitsa ma aligorivimu ovuta mu ma microprocessors atsopano.
Komabe, chofunikira chiyenera kupangidwa kuti pakhale njira zoyenera zowongolera kuthamanga kwa ma induction motors omwe zovuta zake, mosiyana ndi kuphweka kwawo kwa makina, ndizofunikira makamaka pokhudzana ndi masamu awo (multivariate ndi nonlinear).
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2022