Ma motors, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma motors amagetsi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma motors, ndiofala kwambiri m'makampani amakono komanso moyo, komanso ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina.Ma motors amaikidwa m'magalimoto, masitima othamanga kwambiri, ndege, makina opangira mphepo, maloboti, zitseko zodziwikiratu, mapampu amadzi, ma hard drive komanso mafoni athu ambiri.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali atsopano kwa magalimoto kapena omwe angophunzira kumene chidziwitso cha kuyendetsa galimoto angaganize kuti chidziwitso cha magalimoto ndi chovuta kumvetsa, komanso kuona maphunziro oyenerera, ndipo amatchedwa "opha ngongole".Kugawana kobalalika kotsatiraku kumatha kulola novice kumvetsetsa mwachangu mfundo ya mota ya AC asynchronous.

Mfundo ya galimoto: Mfundo ya injini ndi yosavuta.Mwachidule, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuti chipange mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira pa koyilo ndikukankhira rotor kuti izungulira.Aliyense amene waphunzirapo lamulo la electromagnetic induction amadziwa kuti koyilo yopatsa mphamvu imakakamizika kuzungulira mu maginito.Iyi ndiye mfundo yofunikira ya injini.Uku ndiye kudziwa kwa junior sekondale physics.

Kapangidwe kagalimoto: Aliyense amene wasokoneza galimotoyo amadziwa kuti injiniyo imakhala ndi magawo awiri, gawo lokhazikika la stator ndi gawo lozungulira motere:

1. Stator (gawo lokhazikika)

Stator pachimake: gawo lofunikira la maginito amagetsi agalimoto, pomwe ma stator windings amayikidwa;

Mapiritsi a Stator: Ndi koyilo, gawo lozungulira la mota, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi magetsi ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito ozungulira;

Makina oyambira: konzani pachimake cha stator ndi chivundikiro chakumapeto kwa mota, ndikuchita ntchito yoteteza ndi kutulutsa kutentha;

2. Rotor (gawo lozungulira)

Rotor pachimake: gawo lofunika kwambiri la maginito amagetsi agalimoto, mafunde a rotor amayikidwa pachimake;

Mapiritsi a rotor: kudula maginito ozungulira a stator kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso yapano, ndikupanga torque yamagetsi kuti azungulire injini;

Zambiri zowerengera za injini:

1. Zogwirizana ndi ma elekitirodi

1) The induced electromotive force formula of motor: E=4.44*f*N*Φ,E ndi coil electromotive force,f ndi ma frequency, S ndi gawo lachigawo cha kondakitala wozungulira (monga chitsulo pachimake), N ndi chiwerengero cha kutembenuka, ndipo Φ ndi maginito Pass.

Momwe formula imapangidwira, sitidzayang'ana pazinthu izi, tiwona makamaka momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito.Mphamvu ya electromotive yochititsa chidwi ndiye gwero la mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi.Pambuyo pa kondakitala ndi mphamvu ya electromotive yotsekedwa, mphamvu yowonongeka idzapangidwa.Mphamvu yamagetsi imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya ampere mu mphamvu ya maginito, kupanga mphindi ya maginito yomwe imakankhira koyilo kuti itembenuke.

Zimadziwika kuchokera ku ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi kuti kukula kwa mphamvu ya electromotive kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi, chiwerengero cha kutembenuka kwa koyilo ndi maginito.

Njira yowerengera maginito Φ=B*S*COSθ, ndege yomwe ili ndi dera S ili yolunjika kumayendedwe a maginito, ngodya θ ndi 0, COSθ ndi 1, ndipo mawonekedwewo amakhala Φ=B*S. .

Kuphatikiza ma formula awiri omwe ali pamwambawa, mutha kupeza njira yowerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi: B=E/(4.44*f*N*S).

2) Linalo ndi Ampere force formula.Kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe koyilo imalandira, tifunika formula iyi F=I*L*B*sinα, komwe ndili mphamvu yapano, L ndi kutalika kwa conductor, B ndi mphamvu ya maginito, α ndi ngodya pakati pa mayendedwe apano ndi momwe maginito amayendera.Pamene waya ndi perpendicular ku mphamvu ya maginito, chilinganizo chimakhala F = I * L * B (ngati ndi N-turn coil, maginito flux B ndi chiwerengero cha maginito cha N-turn Flux, ndipo palibe muyenera kuchulukitsa N).

Ngati mukudziwa mphamvu, mudziwa torque.Makokedwewo ndi ofanana ndi torque wochulukitsidwa ndi utali wozungulira, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (vector product).Kupyolera mu njira ziwiri za mphamvu = mphamvu * liwiro (P = F * V) ndi liwiro la mzere V = 2πR * liwiro pamphindi (n masekondi), mgwirizano ndi mphamvu ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndi ndondomeko ya nambala 3 yotsatira. kupezedwa.Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti torque yeniyeni yotulutsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi, kotero mphamvu yowerengera ndiyo mphamvu yotulutsa.

2. Kuwerengera kwa liwiro la injini ya AC asynchronous motor: n = 60f / P, izi ndizosavuta, liwiro limakhala lofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso mosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa mawiri awiri (kumbukirani peyala. ) ya injini, ingogwiritsani ntchito chilinganizochi mwachindunji.Komabe, chilinganizochi chimawerengera liwiro la synchronous (liwiro lozungulira maginito), ndipo liwiro lenileni la mota ya asynchronous lidzakhala lotsika pang'ono kuposa liwiro lofananira, kotero nthawi zambiri timawona kuti mota ya 4-pole nthawi zambiri imakhala yopitilira 1400 rpm, koma osakwana 1500 rpm.

3. Kugwirizana pakati pa torque ya injini ndi liwiro la mita ya mphamvu: T = 9550P / n (P ndi mphamvu yamoto, n ndi liwiro la injini), zomwe zingathe kudziwika kuchokera ku nambala 1 pamwambapa, koma sitiyenera kuphunzira kuti muwerenge, kumbukirani kuwerengera uku A formula adzachita.Koma kumbutsaninso, mphamvu P mu fomula si mphamvu yolowera, koma mphamvu yotulutsa.Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa injini, mphamvu yolowera sikufanana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa.Koma mabuku nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino, ndipo mphamvu yolowera ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa.

4. Mphamvu yamagalimoto (mphamvu zolowetsa):

1) Njira yowerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yagawo limodzi: P = U * I * cosφ, ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ndi 0.8, voteji ndi 220V, ndipo panopa ndi 2A, ndiye mphamvu P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW.

2) Njira yowerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagawo atatu: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, U ndiye voteji yamtundu wa katundu, ndipo ine ndiye mzere wamakono).Komabe, U ndi ine zamtunduwu zimagwirizana ndi kulumikizidwa kwa mota.Pakulumikizana kwa nyenyezi, popeza malekezero wamba a ma koyilo atatu olekanitsidwa ndi 120 ° voteji amalumikizidwa palimodzi kuti apange mfundo ya 0, voteji yonyamula pa koyilo yolemetsa imakhala gawo-ndi-gawo.Njira yolumikizira delta ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, chingwe chamagetsi chimalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa koyilo iliyonse, kotero kuti voteji pa koyilo yolemetsa ndiye voteji ya mzere.Ngati magetsi a 3-phase 380V amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koyiloyo ndi 220V polumikizana ndi nyenyezi, ndipo delta ndi 380V, P = U * I = U ^ 2/R, kotero mphamvu yolumikizana ndi delta ndi kugwirizana kwa nyenyezi katatu, ndichifukwa chake mota yamphamvu kwambiri imagwiritsa ntchito poyambira pa nyenyezi-delta kuti iyambike.

Pambuyo podziwa ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi ndikumvetsetsa bwino, mfundo ya galimotoyo sidzasokonezedwa, komanso simudzawopa kuphunzira maphunziro apamwamba a galimoto.

Mbali zina za injini

1) Kukupiza: nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pa mchira wa mota kuti awononge kutentha kwagalimoto;

2) Bokosi la Junction: lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi magetsi, monga AC magawo atatu asynchronous motor, imathanso kulumikizidwa ndi nyenyezi kapena delta malinga ndi zosowa;

3) Kunyamula: kulumikiza mbali zozungulira ndi zoyima za injini;

4. Chivundikiro chomaliza: Zophimba zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo kunja kwa injini zimathandizira.

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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-13-2022