Kuthetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi posintha mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi

Izi zikuphatikiza ndalama zoyambira zamagalimoto, mtengo wamafuta, mtengo wamagetsi komanso mtengo wosinthira mabatire a EV.Mabatire nthawi zambiri amavotera mailosi 100,000 ndi zaka 8, ndipo magalimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala kuwirikiza kawiri.Mwiniwakeyo atha kugula batire yolowa m'malo mwake moyo wonse wagalimotoyo, yomwe ingakhale yodula kwambiri.

Mtengo pa mile pamakalasi osiyanasiyana amagalimoto malinga ndi NREL

Owerenga angakhale awona malipoti oti ma EV amawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa magalimoto a petulo;komabe, izi nthawi zambiri zimatengera "maphunziro" omwe "anayiwala" kuphatikiza mtengo wosinthira batire.Akatswiri azachuma ku EIA ndi NREL akulimbikitsidwa kupewa kukondera chifukwa kumachepetsa kulondola.Ntchito yawo ndi kulosera zimene zidzachitike, osati zimene akufuna kuti zichitike.

Mabatire osinthika amachepetsa mtengo wamagalimoto amagetsi ndi:

· Magalimoto ambiri amayenda mtunda wochepera makilomita 45 patsiku.Ndiye, pamasiku ambiri, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito batire yotsika mtengo, yotsika (titi, mailosi 100) ndikulipiritsa usiku wonse.Pamaulendo ataliatali, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire okwera mtengo, okhalitsa, kapena kuwasintha pafupipafupi.

Eni ake a EV omwe alipo atha kusintha mabatire pambuyo pakutsika kwa 20% mpaka 35%.Komabe, mabatire osinthika amakhala nthawi yayitali chifukwa amapezeka ngati mabatire ochepa akamakula.Madalaivala sadzawona kusiyana pakati pa batire yatsopano ya 150 kWh ndi batire yakale ya 300 kWh yomwe yawonongeka ndi 50%.Zonsezi zidzawoneka ngati 150 kWh m'dongosolo.Mabatire akatha kuwirikiza kawiri, mabatire amawononga kuwirikiza kawiri.

Malo othamangitsira mwachangu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotaya ndalama

Mukawona malo ochapira mwachangu, ndi nthawi yotani yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito?Nthawi zambiri, osati kwambiri.Izi zimachitika chifukwa chazovuta komanso kukwera mtengo kwa kulipiritsa, kutsika kosavuta kwapanyumba, komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi osakwanira.Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti mtengo wapulatifomu ukhale woposa ndalama zamapulatifomu.Izi zikachitika, masiteshoni amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma kapena ndalama zoyikapo ndalama kuti athe kulipirira zotayika;komabe, "mankhwala" awa sakhazikika.Malo opangira magetsi ndi okwera mtengo chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zida zothamangitsira mwachangu komanso kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito zamagetsi.Mwachitsanzo, 150 kW ya mphamvu ya gridi ikufunika kuti muwononge batire ya 50 kWh mphindi 20 (150 kW × [20 ÷ 60]).Ndiwo kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amadyedwa ndi nyumba za 120, ndipo zida zamagetsi zothandizira izi ndizokwera mtengo (nyumba zambiri za US zimadya 1.2 kW).

Pachifukwa ichi, masiteshoni ambiri othamanga kwambiri satha kupeza ma gridi ambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kuthamangitsa magalimoto angapo nthawi imodzi.Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zotsatirazi: Kulipiritsa pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala, kugwiritsa ntchito masiteshoni otsika, kukwera mtengo kwa kasitomala aliyense, phindu lochepa la masiteshoni, ndipo pamapeto pake omwe angakhale eni ake amasiteshoni ochepa.

Mzinda wokhala ndi ma EV ambiri komanso malo oimikapo magalimoto pamsewu ukhoza kupangitsa kuti kulipiritsa mwachangu kukhale kopanda ndalama zambiri.Kapenanso, masiteshoni ochapira mwachangu m'madera akumidzi kapena akumidzi amakhala pachiwopsezo chotaya ndalama.

Mabatire osinthika amachepetsa chiwopsezo chakukula kwachuma kwa malo othamangitsira mwachangu pazifukwa izi:

· Mabatire azipinda zosinthira mobisa atha kulipiritsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa mphamvu yautumiki wofunikira ndikuchepetsa mtengo wolipirira zida.

Mabatire mu chipinda chosinthira amatha kutulutsa mphamvu usiku kapena pomwe magwero ongowonjezedwanso ali odzaza komanso mtengo wamagetsi ndi wotsika.

Zida zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezekapezeka zili pachiwopsezo chosowa komanso zokwera mtengo

Pofika chaka cha 2021, magalimoto amagetsi pafupifupi 7 miliyoni apangidwa padziko lonse lapansi.Ngati kupanga kukuchulukirachulukira nthawi 12 ndikugwira ntchito kwa zaka 18, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kusintha magalimoto a gasi mabiliyoni 1.5 padziko lonse lapansi ndikuyendetsa ma decarbonize (7 miliyoni × 18 zaka × 12).Komabe, ma EV nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito lifiyamu, cobalt ndi faifi wosowa, ndipo sizikudziwika zomwe zingachitike pamitengo yazinthu izi ngati kugulitsa kukukwera kwambiri.

Mitengo ya batri ya EV nthawi zambiri imatsika chaka ndi chaka.Komabe, izi sizinachitike mu 2022 chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu.Tsoka ilo, zida zapadziko lapansi zomwe zasowa zitha kukhala zosowa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ya batri ikhale yokwera.

Mabatire osinthika amachepetsa kudalira zinthu zapadziko lapansi chifukwa amatha kugwira ntchito mosavuta ndi matekinoloje apansi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa zapadziko lapansi (mwachitsanzo, mabatire a LFP sagwiritsa ntchito cobalt).

Kudikirira kulipiritsa nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta

Mabatire osinthika amachepetsa nthawi yothira mafuta chifukwa chosintha mwachangu.

Madalaivala nthawi zina amakhala ndi nkhawa za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi kulipiritsa

Kusinthana kumakhala kosavuta ngati muli ndi zipinda zambiri zosinthira ndi mabatire ambiri osungira mudongosolo.

CO2 imatulutsa powotcha gasi kuti apange magetsi

Ma gridi nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi magwero ambiri.Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ina iliyonse mzinda ungatenge 20 peresenti ya magetsi ake ku mphamvu ya nyukiliya, 3 peresenti kuchokera kudzuwa, 7 peresenti kuchokera ku mphepo, ndipo 70 peresenti kuchokera ku zomera za gasi.Mafamu oyendera dzuwa amapanga magetsi dzuŵa likamawala, minda yamphepo imapanga magetsi kukakhala kwamphepo, ndipo magwero ena amakonda kukhala osadukizadukiza.

Munthu akalipira EV, gwero limodzi lamphamvupa gridi kumawonjezera zotuluka.Nthawi zambiri, munthu mmodzi yekha ndi amene amakhudzidwa chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga mtengo.Komanso, zotsatira za famu ya dzuwa sizingasinthe chifukwa zimayikidwa ndi dzuwa ndipo mphamvu zake nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa kale.Kapenanso, ngati famu ya dzuwa ndi "yodzaza" (ie, kutaya mphamvu zobiriwira chifukwa ili ndi zochuluka), ndiye kuti ikhoza kuonjezera zotsatira zake m'malo mozitaya.Anthu amatha kulipira ma EV popanda kutulutsa CO2 pagwero.

Mabatire osinthika amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa CO2 kuchokera kumagetsi chifukwa mabatire amatha kuyitanidwanso mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zikadzaza.

CO2 imatulutsa pamene mukukumba zinthu zapadziko lapansi zachilendo ndikupanga mabatire

Mabatire osinthika amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa CO2 pakupanga batire chifukwa mabatire ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa zapadziko lapansi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuyenda ndi Vuto la $30 Trillion

Padziko lonse lapansi pali magalimoto okwana 1.5 biliyoni, ndipo ngati atasinthidwa ndi magalimoto amagetsi, iliyonse ingawononge $ 20,000, pamtengo wokwana $ 30 trilioni (1.5 biliyoni × $ 20,000).Mitengo ya R&D ingalungamitsidwe ngati, mwachitsanzo, ichepetsedwa ndi 10% kupyola mabiliyoni mazana a madola a R&D yowonjezera.Tiyenera kuwona zoyendera ngati vuto la $ 30 thililiyoni ndikuchitapo kanthu-mwanjira ina, R&D yambiri.Komabe, R&D ingachepetse bwanji mtengo wa mabatire osinthika?Titha kuyamba ndi kufufuza makina omwe amangoyika zida zapansi panthaka.

Pomaliza

Kupititsa patsogolo mabatire osinthika, maboma kapena maziko atha kupereka ndalama zothandizira kupititsa patsogolo njira zotsatirazi:

· Electromechanical interchangeable electric galimoto batire dongosolo

· Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa batire ya EV ndi kulipiritsamakina

· Njira yolumikizirana pakati pagalimoto ndi malo osinthira mabatire

· Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa gridi yamagetsi ndi gulu lowonetsera magalimoto

· Mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito pa foni yam'manja ndi mawonekedwe olipira

· Kusinthana, kusunga ndi kulipiritsa makina amitundu yosiyanasiyana

Kupanga dongosolo lathunthu mpaka kutengera chitsanzo kungawononge madola mamiliyoni ambiri;komabe, kutumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi kungawononge mabiliyoni a madola.