Ndichitukuko chosalekeza cha magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, chidwi chochulukirapo chaperekedwa ku mabatire amagetsi.Battery, motor and electronic control system ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu za magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, omwe mphamvu ya batri ndiyo gawo lofunika kwambiri, lomwe tinganene kuti ndi "mtima" wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kotero ndi chiyani mabatire amphamvu atsopano. magalimoto mphamvu?Nanga bwanji magulu akuluakulu?
1. Batire ya asidi-lead
Batire ya lead-acid (VRLA) ndi batire yomwe maelekitirodi ake amapangidwa makamaka ndi lead ndi ma oxide ake, ndipo electrolyte ndi sulfuric acid solution.M'malo opangira batire ya acid-acid, gawo lalikulu la electrode yabwino ndi lead dioxide, ndipo gawo lalikulu la electrode negative ndi lead;mu boma kutulutsidwa, chigawo chachikulu cha maelekitirodi zabwino ndi zoipa ndi lead sulphate.Mphamvu yamagetsi ya batire ya cell lead-acid ndi 2.0V, yomwe imatha kutulutsidwa mpaka 1.5V ndikulipitsidwa.ku 2.4V;mu ntchito, 6 single-cell lead-acid mabatire nthawi zambiri olumikizidwa mu mndandanda kupanga mwadzina 12V lead-acid batire , ndi 24V, 36V, 48V, etc.
Monga teknoloji yokhwima, mabatire a lead-acid akadali batire yokha ya magalimoto amagetsi omwe amatha kupangidwa mochuluka chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kutulutsa kwakukulu.Komabe, mphamvu zenizeni, mphamvu zenizeni komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa mabatire a lead-acid ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo magalimoto amagetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito izi ngati gwero lamagetsi sangakhale ndi liwiro labwino komanso kuyenda.range .
2. Mabatire a nickel-cadmium ndi mabatire a nickel-metal hydride
Batire ya Nickel-cadmium (Batire ya Nickel-cadmium, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa NiCd, imatchulidwa kuti "nye-cad") ndi batire yotchuka.Batire iyi imagwiritsa ntchito nickel hydroxide (NiOH) ndi metal cadmium (Cd) ngati mankhwala opangira magetsi.Ngakhale kuti ntchito yake ndi yabwino kuposa ya mabatire a lead-acid, imakhala ndi zitsulo zolemera, zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe pambuyo pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusiyidwa.
Batire ya nickel-cadmium imatha kulipitsidwa ndikutulutsidwa nthawi zopitilira 500, zomwe ndi zachuma komanso zolimba.Kukaniza kwake kwamkati kumakhala kochepa, kukana kwamkati kumakhala kochepa, kungathe kulipiritsa mwamsanga, ndipo kungapereke mphamvu yaikulu yonyamula katundu, ndipo kusintha kwamagetsi kumakhala kochepa panthawi yotulutsa, yomwe ndi batri yabwino kwambiri ya DC.Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mabatire, mabatire a nickel-cadmium amatha kupirira kuchulukira kapena kutulutsa.
Batire ya Ni-MH imapangidwa ndi hydrogen ion ndi nickel yachitsulo, ndipo mphamvu yake yosungiramo mphamvu ndi 30% kuposa batire ya Ni-Cd..
3. Batri ya lithiamu
Lithium batire ndi mtundu wa batire yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za lithiamu kapena aloyi ya lithiamu ngati zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopanda madzi ya electrolyte.Mabatire a lithiamu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mabatire a lithiamu zitsulo ndi mabatire a lithiamu ion..Mabatire a lithiamu-ion alibe lithiamu muzitsulo zachitsulo ndipo amatha kuwonjezeredwa.
Mabatire achitsulo a lithiamu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito manganese dioxide ngati zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi, zitsulo za lithiamu kapena chitsulo chake cha aloyi ngati zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopanda madzi ya electrolyte.Zida za batri ya lithiamu zimapangidwa makamaka ndi: zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi, zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi, olekanitsa, electrolyte.
Pakati pa zida za cathode, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi lithiamu cobalt oxide, lithiamu manganate, lithiamu iron phosphate ndi ternary materials (polymers of nickel, cobalt ndi manganese).Zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu (chiwerengero chambiri cha zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa zama elekitirodi ndi 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), chifukwa magwiridwe antchito a ma elekitirodi amakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a batire ya lithiamu-ion, ndi mtengo wake. imatsimikiziranso mwachindunji mtengo wa batri.
Pakati pa zinthu za anode, zida zamakono za anode zimakhala makamaka ma graphite achilengedwe ndi graphite yokumba.Zida za anode zomwe zikuwunikidwa zikuphatikizapo nitrides, PAS, tin-based oxides, malata alloys, nano anode materials, ndi zina intermetallic mankhwala.Monga chimodzi mwa zigawo zinayi zikuluzikulu za batire lifiyamu, zoipa elekitirodi zakuthupi amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pa kuwongolera mphamvu ndi mkombero ntchito batire, ndipo ndi pachimake ulalo pakati pa lifiyamu batire makampani.
Selo yamafuta ndi chipangizo chosayatsa cha electrochemical energy conversion.Mphamvu zamakina a haidrojeni (ndi mafuta ena) ndi mpweya zimasinthidwa mosalekeza kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yakuti H2 imalowetsedwa mu H + ndi e- pansi pa zochita za anode chothandizira, H + imafika ku electrode yabwino kudzera mu membrane yosinthira pulotoni, imakhudzidwa ndi O2 pa cathode kuti ipange madzi, ndipo imafika ku cathode kupyolera mu kunja dera, ndi mosalekeza anachita amapanga panopa.Ngakhale mafuta a cell ali ndi mawu oti "batri", simalo osungira mphamvuchipangizo mwachikhalidwe, koma chipangizo chopangira magetsi.Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa cell cell ndi batire yanthawi zonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-05-2022