Kuchokera ku batri ya BYD's blade, mpaka batire ya Honeycomb Energy yopanda cobalt, kenako mpaka batire ya sodium-ion ya nthawi ya CATL, makampani opanga mabatire amphamvu akumana ndi zatsopano.Seputembara 23, 2020 - Tsiku la Battery la Tesla, CEO wa Tesla Elon Musk adawonetsa dziko lonse batire yatsopano - batire la 4680.
M'mbuyomu, kukula kwa mabatire a lithiamu cylindrical anali makamaka 18650 ndi 21700, ndipo 21700 anali ndi 50% mphamvu kuposa 18650.Batire ya 4680 ili ndi kasanu mphamvu ya batire ya 21700, ndipo batire yatsopano imatha kuchepetsa mtengo pa ola la kilowatt pafupifupi 14% ndikuwonjezera maulendo oyenda ndi 16%.
Musk ananena mosabisa kuti batire iyi ipangitsa galimoto yamagetsi ya $ 25,000 kukhala yotheka.
Ndiye, batire lowopsali lachokera kuti?Kenako, timawasanthula m'modzim'modzi.
1. Kodi batire la 4680 ndi chiyani?
Njira ya Tesla yotchulira mabatire amphamvu ndi yosavuta komanso yowongoka.Batire ya 4680, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi batire ya cylindrical yokhala ndi cell imodzi m'mimba mwake ya 46mm ndi kutalika kwa 80mm.
Makulidwe atatu osiyanasiyana a mabatire a lithiamu-ion cylindrical
Monga momwe tikuwonera pachithunzichi, poyerekeza ndi batire ya Tesla yoyambirira ya 18650 ndi batire ya 21700, batire ya 4680 imawoneka ngati munthu wamtali komanso wamphamvu.
Koma batire ya 4680 sikungosintha kukula, Tesla waphatikiza ukadaulo watsopano kuti uwongolere magwiridwe antchito.
Chachiwiri, teknoloji yatsopano ya batri ya 4680
1. Electrodeless khutu kupanga
Mwachidziwitso, kumverera kwakukulu kwa 4680 ndikuti ndikokulirapo.Nanga nchifukwa chiyani opanga ena sanapangitse batriyo kukhala yayikulu m'mbuyomu.Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi kukweza mphamvu, kutentha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuwongolera komanso kuopsa kwa chitetezo chochokera ku moto ndi kuphulika.
Tesla mwachiwonekere adaganiziranso izi.
Poyerekeza ndi batire ya cylindrical yam'mbuyomu, luso lalikulu kwambiri la batire ya 4680 ndi lug yopanda ma electrode, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti lug lonse.Mu batire lachikale la cylindrical, zojambula zamkuwa zabwino ndi zoipa ndi cholekanitsa cha aluminiyamu chopatulira zimapakidwa ndikuvulala.Kuti atulutse maelekitirodi, waya wotsogolera wotchedwa tabu amawotcherera mbali ziwiri za zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu.
Kutalika kwa batire yachikhalidwe ya 1860 ndi 800mm.Kutenga zojambulazo zamkuwa zokhala ndi madulidwe abwino monga mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa ma tabo otsogolera magetsi kuchokera muzojambula zamkuwa ndi 800mm, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zikudutsa pa waya wautali wa 800mm.
Powerengera, kukana kuli pafupifupi 20mΩ, kutalika kwa batire la 2170 ndi pafupifupi 1000mm, ndipo kukana kuli pafupifupi 23mΩ.Zitha kutembenuzidwa mosavuta kuti filimu ya makulidwe omwewo imayenera kukulungidwa mu batri ya 4680, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 3800mm.
Pali zovuta zambiri pakuwonjezera kutalika kwa mapindikidwe.Ma elekitironi amafunika kuyenda mtunda wautali kuti akafike ku ma tabo kumapeto kwa batire, kukana kumawonjezeka, ndipo batireyo imakhala yotentha kwambiri.Kugwira ntchito kwa batri kudzasokoneza ngakhale kupanga zovuta zachitetezo.Pofuna kufupikitsa mtunda woyenda ndi ma electron, batire ya 4680 imagwiritsa ntchito luso la makutu la electrodeless.
The electrodeless tabu alibe ma tabo, koma akutembenukira lonse wokhometsa panopa mu tabu, njira conductive sikudaliranso tabu, ndipo panopa anasamutsidwa kuchokera lateral kufala pamodzi tabu kwa okhometsa mbale kwa kufala kotenga nthawi. wosonkhanitsa wamakono.
Kutalika konse kwa conductive kwasintha kuchokera ku 800 mpaka 1000mm ya 1860 kapena 2170 kutalika kwa zojambula zamkuwa mpaka 80mm (kutalika kwa batri).Kukaniza kumachepetsedwa kukhala 2mΩ, ndipo kukana kwamkati kumachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 2W kupita ku 0.2W, komwe kumachepetsedwa mwachindunji ndi dongosolo la kukula.
Mapangidwe awa amachepetsa kwambiri kutsekeka kwa batri ndikuthetsa vuto la kutentha kwa batire ya cylindrical.
Kumbali imodzi, luso la makutu la electrodeless limawonjezera malo oyendetsa panopa, lifupikitsa mtunda wamakono, ndipo limachepetsa kwambiri kukana kwa mkati mwa batri;kuchepetsa kukana kwamkati kumatha kuchepetsa zomwe zikuchitika pano ndikutalikitsa moyo wa batri;kuchepetsa kukana kungathenso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo electrode conductive ❖ kuyanika Malo ogwira ntchito olumikizana pakati pa wosanjikiza ndi kapu yomaliza ya batri akhoza kufika 100%, zomwe zingapangitse kutentha kwa kutentha.
Batire ya 4680 imatenga mtundu watsopano waukadaulo wamakutu wopanda ma electrodeless potengera kapangidwe ka cell, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.Kumbali ina, njira yowotcherera ya ma tabo imasiyidwa, magwiridwe antchito amawongoleredwa, ndipo chiwopsezo chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kuwotcherera chimatha kuchepetsedwa nthawi imodzi.
Chithunzi chojambula cha monopole ndi mawonekedwe athunthu
2. Kuphatikizana ndi luso la CTC
Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa batire kumapangitsa kuti mabatire ochepa ayikidwe mugalimoto imodzi.Ndi ma cell a 18650, Tesla amafunikira ma cell 7100.Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mabatire 4680, mumangofunika mabatire 900 okha.
Mabatire ocheperako, amasonkhanitsidwa mwachangu, amakwera bwino, amakhala ndi mwayi wocheperako wamavuto pamalumikizidwe apakati, komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo.Malinga ndi Tesla, 4680 yayikulu imatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga mabatire ndi 14%.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya batire ya paketi, batire ya 4680 idzaphatikizidwa ndi luso la CTC (Cell to Chassis).Ndiko kuphatikizira ma cell a batri molunjika ku chassis.Mwa kuchotsa kwathunthu ma modules ndi mapaketi a batri, maselo a batri amakhala ophatikizana, chiwerengero cha zigawo za batri chidzachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito malo a chassis kudzakhalanso bwino kwambiri.
CTC ili ndi zofunika zina pa mphamvu ya batri.Batire yokha iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakina.Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a 18650 ndi 2170, batire imodzi ya 4680 ili ndi mphamvu zokulirapo komanso mphamvu zamapangidwe apamwamba, ndipo batire ya chipolopolo chambiri ndi chipolopolo cha aluminiyamu.Chigoba cha 4680 chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo mphamvu yake yokhazikika ndiyotsimikizika.
Poyerekeza ndi batire ya chipolopolo cha square, masanjidwe a batire ya cylindrical adzakhala osinthika, amatha kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chassis, ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi tsambalo.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi chigamulo cha "EMF", teknoloji ya CTC ndiyomwe imayendetsa magalimoto atsopano mu 2022, komanso ndi mphanda mumsewu.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa batri m'thupi kungapangitse kukonza galimoto kukhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo batire imakhala yovuta kuti isinthe palokha.Mitengo yautumiki pambuyo pa malonda idzawonjezeka, ndipo ndalamazi zidzaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa ogula, monga ndalama za inshuwalansi.Ngakhale Musk akunena kuti apanga njanji zokonza zomwe zingathe kudulidwa ndi kusinthidwa, zidzatenga nthawi kuti muwone momwe zidzagwirira ntchito.
Makampani ambiri amagalimoto apanga njira zawo zaukadaulo za CTC, chifukwa sikuti zimangosintha batire, komanso zimafunikira kusintha mawonekedwe a thupi.Izi zikugwirizana ndi kugawanikanso kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale okhudzana nawo.
CTC ndi njira yaukadaulo chabe.Ndi batire thupi lophatikizidwa, losasinthika disassembly.Palinso ukadaulo wina kudutsa pamenepo - kusinthana kwa batri.Tekinoloje yosinthira batire ndiyosavuta kusokoneza, koma batire imathandizira kwambiri mphamvu ya batri.Momwe mungasankhire njira ziwirizi ndi masewera pakati pa ogulitsa mabatire ndi ma OEM.
Ukadaulo wa CTC wophatikizidwa ndi batire ya 4680
3. Zatsopano mu njira yopangira batri, cathode ndi zinthu za anode
Tesla adzagwiritsa ntchito njira yowuma ya batire ya electrode, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira, pang'ono (pafupifupi 5-8%) ya PTFE binder yosakaniza bwino imasakanizidwa ndi ufa wabwino / woipa wa electrode, wodutsa mu extruder kuti apange mzere wochepa thupi. electrode chuma, ndiyeno Mzere wa elekitirodi zakuthupi anali laminated kuti zitsulo zojambulazo panopa wotolera kupanga chomalizidwa elekitirodi.
Batire yopangidwa motere ndi yabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe.Ndipo njirayi idzawonjezera mphamvu ya batri ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopangira nthawi 10.Ukadaulo wowuma wa electrode ukuyenera kukhala chizindikiro chaukadaulo kwa m'badwo wotsatira.
Tesla 4680 batire dry electrode luso
Pankhani ya zida za cathode, Tesla adanenanso kuti ichotsanso cobalt mu cathode.Cobalt ndi yokwera mtengo komanso yosowa.Itha kukumbidwa m'maiko ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi, kapena m'maiko osakhazikika a Africa monga Congo.Ngati batri imatha kuchotsa chinthu cha cobalt, zitha kunenedwa kuti ndiukadaulo waukulu waukadaulo.
Kobalt
Pankhani ya zinthu za anode, Tesla ayamba ndi zida za silicon ndikugwiritsa ntchito silicon yambiri m'malo mwa graphite yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.Kuthekera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma elekitirodi a silicon-based negative ndi okwera kwambiri mpaka 4200mAh/g, omwe ndi apamwamba kakhumi kuposa a electrode negative graphite.Komabe, ma elekitirodi opangira silicon amakhalanso ndi zovuta monga kukula kosavuta kwa silicon, kusayenda bwino kwamagetsi, komanso kutayika kwakukulu koyambira.
Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikupeza kukhazikika pakati pa kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi kukhazikika, ndipo zinthu zapano za silicon-based anode zimapangidwa ndi silicon ndi graphite kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Tesla akukonzekera kusintha kusinthika kwa silicon pamwamba kuti zisawonongeke, ukadaulo womwe umalola kuti mabatire azilipira mwachangu, komanso amawonjezera moyo wa batri ndi 20 peresenti.Tesla adatcha chinthu chatsopanocho "Tesla Silicon", ndipo mtengo wake ndi $1.2/KWh, chomwe ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi mwa njira zomwe zidapangidwa kale za silicon.
Ma silicon-based anode amatengedwa ngati m'badwo wotsatira wa lithiamu batire anode zida.
Zitsanzo zochepa pamsika zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za silicon-based anode.Zitsanzo monga Tesla Model 3 zikuphatikiza kale silicon pang'ono mu electrode yoyipa.Posachedwa, mtundu wa GAC AION LX Plus unayambitsidwa.Mtundu wa Qianli uli ndi ukadaulo wa batri wa siponji wa silicon anode chip, womwe ungafikire makilomita 1,000 a moyo wa batri.
4680 batire ya silicon anode
Kufotokozera mwachidule ubwino wa teknoloji ya batri ya 4680 ndikuti imatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa mtengo.
3. Zotsatira zakutali za mabatire a 4680
Batire ya 4680 sikusintha kwaukadaulo kosokoneza, osati kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe ka mphamvu, koma ndi luso laukadaulo waukadaulo.
Komabe, moyendetsedwa ndi Tesla, chifukwa cha msika wamakono wamagetsi atsopano, kupanga mabatire a 4680 kudzasintha mawonekedwe a batri omwe alipo.Makampaniwa adzayambitsa mabatire amtundu waukulu wa cylindrical.
Malinga ndi malipoti, Panasonic ikukonzekera kuyambitsa mabatire ambiri a 4680 a Tesla koyambirira kwa 2023.Ndalama zatsopanozi zidzakwera mpaka 80 biliyoni yen (pafupifupi US $ 704 miliyoni).Samsung SDI ndi LG Energy nawonso alowa nawo pakupanga batire ya 4680.
Kunyumba, a Yiwei Lithium Energy adalengeza kuti kampani yake yocheperapo ya Yiwei Power ikukonzekera kupanga chingwe chachikulu cha 20GWh chopangira batire yamagalimoto onyamula anthu ku Jingmen High-tech Zone.BAK Battery ndi Honeycomb Energy adzalowanso m'munda wa mabatire akuluakulu a cylindrical.BMW ndi CATL akutumizanso mwachangu mabatire akuluakulu a cylindrical, ndipo mawonekedwe oyambira atsimikiziridwa.
Mawonekedwe a Battery Cylindrical Battery Manufacturers
Chachinayi, mphamvu ya electromotive ili ndi zonena
Kupanga kwatsopano kwa batire yayikulu yozungulira mosakayikira kudzalimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani opanga mabatire amphamvu.Sizophweka monga kungokweza kuchokera ku batire la 5 kupita ku batri yoyamba.Thupi lake lamafuta lili ndi mafunso abwino.
Mtengo wa batri uli pafupi ndi 40% ya mtengo wa galimoto yonse.Kufunika kwa batri monga "mtima" kumawonekera.Komabe, ndi kutchuka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, kufunikira kwa mabatire kukukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo mtengo wazinthu ukukwera.Kusintha kwa mabatire kwakhala njira yofunikira kuti makampani amagalimoto atukuke.
Ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje okhudzana ndi batri, magalimoto amagetsi otsika mtengo ali pafupi kwambiri!
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-13-2022