Posachedwapa, lipoti la CCTV la "kulipira ola limodzi ndikukhala pamzere kwa maola anayi" layambitsa zokambirana.Moyo wa batri ndi kuyitanitsa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano akhalanso nkhani yovuta kwa aliyense.Pakali pano, poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe madzi lithiamu mabatire, olimba boma mabatire lifiyamundi chitetezo chapamwamba, kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, moyo wautali wa batri, ndi magawo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchitoamaganiziridwa kwambiri ndi olowa m'makampani ngati njira yamtsogolo yachitukuko cha mabatire a lithiamu.Makampani nawonso amapikisana pakupanga.
Ngakhale olimba boma lithiamu batire sangathe malonda mu nthawi yochepa, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndondomeko olimba boma lithiamu batire luso ndi makampani akuluakulu wakhala mofulumira ndi mofulumira posachedwapa, ndipo kufunika msika akhoza kulimbikitsa kupanga misa olimba- state lithiamu batire patsogolo pa ndandanda.Nkhaniyi kusanthula chitukuko cha olimba-boma lifiyamu batire msika ndi ndondomeko kukonzekera olimba boma mabatire lifiyamu, ndi kukutengerani inu kufufuza zochita zokha msika mwayi umene ulipo.
Mabatire olimba a lithiamu amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kabwino ka mphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta kuposa mabatire a lithiamu amadzimadzi.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi luso mosalekeza m'munda ntchito kunsi kwa mtsinje waika patsogolo apamwamba ndi apamwamba zofunika makampani lifiyamu batire, ndi lifiyamu batire luso wakhalanso mosalekeza bwino, kusamukira ku apamwamba enieni mphamvu ndi chitetezo.Kuchokera pamalingaliro a njira yachitukuko yaukadaulo wa batri ya lithiamu, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe mabatire a lithiamu amadzimadzi amatha kufikira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mabatire olimba a lifiyamu adzakhala njira yokhayo yopangira mabatire a lithiamu.
Malinga ndi “Technical Roadmap for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles”, mphamvu yakuchuluka kwa mabatire amagetsi ndi 400Wh/kg mu 2025 ndi 500Wh/kg mu 2030.Kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha 2030, njira yaukadaulo yaukadaulo yamadzimadzi ya lithiamu ikhoza kulephera kunyamula udindowo.Ndikovuta kuthyola denga la mphamvu ya 350Wh/kg, koma mphamvu yamphamvu yamabatire olimba a lithiamu imatha kupitilira 350Wh/kg.
Motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa msika, dzikolo limaperekanso zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mabatire a lithiamu-boma.Mu "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" (Draft for Comment) yomwe inatulutsidwa mu December 2019, ikufuna kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha mabatire a lithiamu olimba, ndikukweza mabatire a lithiamu. ku dziko lonse, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1.
Table 1 Kuyerekeza kuyerekeza kwa mabatire amadzimadzi ndi mabatire olimba
Osati kokha kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, makampani osungira mphamvu ali ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito
Potengera kukwezeleza kwa mfundo za dziko, kutukuka kwachangu kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano kudzapereka malo otakata a chitukuko cha mabatire a lithiamu olimba.Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi mphamvu zonse amadziwikanso kuti ndi amodzi mwa njira zamakono zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuti zidutse ukadaulo wosungirako mphamvu ya electrochemical ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zamtsogolo.Pankhani ya kusungirako magetsi a electrochemical, mabatire a lithiamu pakadali pano amawerengera 80% yamagetsi osungira mphamvu zamagetsi.Kuchulukirachulukira kokhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi mu 2020 ndi 3269.2MV, kuchuluka kwa 91% kuposa chaka cha 2019. Kuphatikizidwa ndi malangizo adziko lino pakukula kwa mphamvu, kufunikira kwa kusungirako mphamvu zama electrochemical kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito, malo olumikizidwa ndi gridi yongowonjezwdwa ndi madera ena akuyembekezeredwa kuti abweretse kukula kofulumira, monga momwe chithunzi 1 chikusonyezera.
Kugulitsa ndi kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kuyambira Januware mpaka Seputembara 2021 Cumulative anaika mphamvu ndi kukula kwa ntchito zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi ku China kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2020
Chithunzi 1 Kugulitsa ndi kukula kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu;kuchulukirachulukira komwe kumayikidwa komanso kukula kwa mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu zamagetsi ku China
Mabizinesi amafulumizitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, ndipo China nthawi zambiri imakonda machitidwe a oxide
M'zaka zaposachedwa, msika wa likulu, makampani batire ndi makampani akuluakulu magalimoto onse ayamba kuonjezera masanjidwe kafukufuku wa olimba boma lithiamu mabatire, kuyembekezera kulamulira mpikisano mu m'badwo wotsatira mphamvu batire luso.Komabe, malinga ndi momwe zikuyendera panopa, zidzatenga zaka 5-10 kuti mabatire a lithiamu olimba onse akhale okhwima mu sayansi ndi teknoloji yopanga zinthu zisanapangidwe.Makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi monga Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Hyundai, ndi zina zambiri akuwonjezera ndalama zawo za R&D muukadaulo wokhazikika wa batri ya lifiyamu;ponena za makampani a batri, CATL, LG Chem, Panasonic, Samsung SDI, BYD, ndi zina zotero akupitiriza kupanga .
Mabatire a lithiamu amtundu uliwonse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu molingana ndi zida za electrolyte: mabatire a lithiamu a polymer solid-state, sulfide solid-state lithiamu mabatire, ndi oxide solid-state lithiamu mabatire.Batire ya lithiamu ya polymer solid-state imakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino, batire ya lithiamu ya sulfide solid state ndiyosavuta kuyikonza, ndipo batri ya lithiamu ya oxide solid-state imakhala ndi ma conductivity apamwamba kwambiri.Pakalipano, makampani a ku Ulaya ndi ku America amakonda machitidwe a oxide ndi polima;Makampani aku Japan ndi aku Korea otsogozedwa ndi Toyota ndi Samsung amakonda kwambiri machitidwe a sulfide;China ili ndi ochita kafukufuku m'machitidwe onse atatu, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakonda machitidwe a oxide, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.
Chithunzi 2 Mapangidwe opangira mabatire olimba a lithiamu amakampani a mabatire ndi makampani akuluakulu amagalimoto
Malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chitukuko, Toyota amadziwika ngati mmodzi wa osewera amphamvu kwambiri m'munda wa olimba boma mabatire lifiyamu m'mayiko akunja.Toyota poyamba ankafuna zitukuko zogwirizana mu 2008 pamene kugwirizana ndi Ilika, olimba boma lifiyamu batire chiyambi-mmwamba.Mu June 2020, magalimoto amagetsi a Toyota okhala ndi mabatire a lithiamu amtundu uliwonse achita kale mayeso oyendetsa panjira yoyesera.Tsopano yafika pamlingo wopeza deta yoyendetsa galimoto.Mu Seputembara 2021, Toyota idalengeza kuti idzagulitsa $ 13.5 biliyoni pofika 2030 kuti ipange mabatire am'badwo wotsatira ndi unyolo wamagetsi, kuphatikiza mabatire a lithiamu-boma.Pakhomo, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Qingtao New Energy, ndi Ganfeng Lithium Industry adakhazikitsa mizere yaying'ono yopangira mabatire a lithiamu olimba mu 2019.Mu Seputembala 2021, Jiangsu Qingtao 368Wh/kg batire ya lithiamu yolimba idapambana chiphaso champhamvu choyendera dziko, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Gulu 2.
Table 2 Mapulani opangira mabatire okhazikika amakampani akuluakulu
Kusanthula ndondomeko ya oksidi-based olimba-state lithiamu mabatire, otentha kukanikiza ndondomeko ndi ulalo watsopano
Ukadaulo wovuta waukadaulo komanso mtengo wokwera wopanga nthawi zonse waletsa kukula kwa mafakitale kwa mabatire a lithiamu-boma.Kusintha kwa mabatire a lithiamu-boma kumawoneka makamaka mukamakonzekera ma cell, ndipo ma elekitirodi ndi ma electrolyte awo ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakupanga malo, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Gulu 3.
Table 3 Njira yowunikira mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi oxide-based solid-state
1. Chiyambi cha zida wamba - lamination otentha press
Chiyambi cha ntchito yachitsanzo: Makina osindikizira otentha a lamination amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu gawo la kaphatikizidwe ka maselo olimba a lithiamu batire.Poyerekeza ndi batire yachikhalidwe ya lifiyamu, kukakamiza kotentha ndi ulalo watsopano, ndipo ulalo wa jakisoni wamadzi ukusowa.zofunika zapamwamba.
Kukonzekera kwazinthu zokha:
• Masiteshoni aliwonse amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma 3 ~ 4 axis servo motors, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira lamination ndi gluing motsatana;
• Gwiritsani ntchito HMI kuti muwonetse kutentha kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunikira dongosolo la PID, lomwe limafuna kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kumafuna ndalama zambiri;
• Woyang'anira PLC ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pakuwongolera kulondola komanso nthawi yayifupi yozungulira.M'tsogolomu, chitsanzochi chiyenera kupangidwa kuti chikwaniritse ultra-high-speed hot-pressing lamination.
Opanga zida akuphatikiza: Xi'an Tiger Electromechanical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Xuchong Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Haimuxing Laser Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., ndi Shenzhen Bangqi Chuangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
2. Chiyambi cha zida zofananira - makina oponya
Chiyambi cha ntchito yachitsanzo: The osakaniza ufa slurry amaperekedwa kwa kuponya mutu kudzera chipangizo basi kudyetsa dongosolo, ndiyeno ntchito ndi scraper, wodzigudubuza, yaying'ono concave ndi njira ❖ kuyanika malinga ndi zofunika ndondomeko, ndiyeno zouma mu kuyanika ngalande.Tepi yoyambira pamodzi ndi thupi lobiriwira lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubwezeretsanso.Pambuyo kuyanika, thupi wobiriwira akhoza peeled ndi nakonza, ndiyeno kudula kwa m'lifupi otchulidwa wosuta kuponya filimu zakuthupi akusowekapo ndi mphamvu zina ndi kusinthasintha.
Kukonzekera kwazinthu zokha:
• Servo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakubweza ndi kumasula, kukonzanso kupatuka, ndipo chowongolera chazovuta chimafunikira kuti chiwongolere kugwedezeka pakubwezeretsanso ndikutsegula;
• Gwiritsani ntchito HMI kuti muwonetse kutentha kwa kutentha, makina otenthetsera amafunikira dongosolo la PID;
• Mayendedwe a mpweya wa fan ayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi ma frequency converter.
Opanga zida akuphatikizapo: Zhejiang Delong Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Kunyuan Casting Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Fenghua High-tech Co., Ltd. - Xinbaohua Equipment Branch.
3. Kuyambitsa zida zofananira - mphero yamchenga
Chiyambi cha ntchito yachitsanzo: Amakometsedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito timikanda tating'onoting'ono topera, kuchokera pakubalalika kosinthika kupita kukupera mphamvu zochulukirapo kuti zigwire ntchito bwino.
Kukonzekera kwazinthu zokha:
• Mphero zamchenga zili ndi zofunikira zochepa zowongolera kuyenda, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito ma servos, koma amagwiritsa ntchito ma mota wamba otsika kwambiri popanga mchenga;
• Gwiritsani ntchito ma frequency converter kuti musinthe liwiro la spindle, lomwe limatha kuwongolera kugaya kwazinthu pa liwiro losiyanasiyana la mzere kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogaya zazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Opanga zida akuphatikiza: Wuxi Shaohong Powder Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Rujia Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., ndi Dongguan Nalong Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-18-2022