1. Kugawika kwa ma mota a DC
1. Brushless DC mota:
Galimoto ya brushless DC ndiyosinthana ndi stator ndi rotor ya motor DC wamba.Rotor yake ndi maginito okhazikika kuti apange mpweya-gap flux: stator ndi armature ndipo imakhala ndi maulendo angapo.M'mapangidwe ake, ndi ofanana ndi maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor.Mapangidwe a brushless DC motor stator ndi ofanana ndi a motor synchronous motor kapena induction motor.Mapiritsi amitundu yambiri (atatu, magawo anayi, magawo asanu, ndi zina zotero) amaphatikizidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo.Mapiritsi amatha kulumikizidwa mu nyenyezi kapena delta, ndikulumikizidwa ndi Machubu amagetsi a inverter amalumikizidwa kuti azitha kusintha.Rotor nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zokakamiza kwambiri komanso osalimba kwambiri monga samarium cobalt kapena neodymium iron boron.Chifukwa cha magawo osiyanasiyana azinthu zamaginito mumitengo ya maginito, imatha kugawidwa m'mitengo ya maginito, mitengo ya maginito ophatikizidwa ndi mitengo yamaginito.Popeza thupi lagalimoto ndi mota yamagetsi yokhazikika, ndi chizolowezi kuyitcha mota ya brushless DC yomwe imatchedwanso maginito okhazikika a brushless DC motor.
Ma motors a Brushless DC amapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa microprocessor komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano zamagetsizida zokhala ndi ma frequency osinthika kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zowongolera komanso kuwonekera kwa zinthu zotsika mtengo, zapamwamba zokhazikika za maginito.Mtundu watsopano wa injini ya DC wapangidwa.
Zovala zopanda zotchinga sizingosunga magwiridwe antchito a DC , maloboti, magalimoto amagetsi, etc., zotumphukira zamakompyuta ndi zida zapakhomo zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, brushless DC motors akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: square wave brushless DC motors, omwe kumbuyo kwawo kwa EMF waveform ndi mafunde apano ndi mafunde amakona anayi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma rectangular wave permanent magnet synchronous motors;Brushed DC motor, kumbuyo kwake kwa EMF waveform ndi ma waveform aposachedwa onse ndi mafunde a sine.
2. Makina opukutira a DC
(1) Permanent maginito DC galimoto
Chigawo chokhazikika chamagetsi a DC: maginito osowa padziko lapansi osatha maginito a DC motor, ferrite maginito okhazikika a DC motor ndi alnico maginito okhazikika a DC motor.
① Magineti osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika a DC motor: Yaing'ono kukula komanso magwiridwe antchito, koma okwera mtengo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, makompyuta, zida zogwetsera pansi, ndi zina zambiri.
② Ferrite maginito okhazikika a DC motor: Thupi la maginito lopangidwa ndi zinthu za ferrite ndilotsika mtengo ndipo limagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zam'nyumba, magalimoto, zoseweretsa, zida zamagetsi ndi magawo ena.
③ Alnico maginito okhazikika a DC motor: Imafunika kudya zitsulo zambiri zamtengo wapatali, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera, koma imakhala yabwino kutengera kutentha kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe kutentha kwapakati kumakhala kwakukulu kapena kutentha kwa injini kumafunika.
(2) Electromagnetic DC motor.
Electromagnetic DC motor division: mndandanda wosangalatsa wa DC motor, shunt okondwa DC mota, payokha okondwa DC mota ndi pawiri okondwa DC mota.
① Series yosangalatsa ya DC motor: Pakali pano imalumikizidwa motsatizana, yotsekeredwa, ndipo mafunde akumunda amalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi zida, motero mphamvu yamaginito mugalimoto iyi imasintha kwambiri ndikusintha kwanthawi yayitali.Pofuna kuti asawononge kwambiri ndi kugwa kwamagetsi pamayendedwe osangalatsa, kukana kwa mafunde osangalatsa kumachepetsa, kotero kuti galimoto yotsitsimutsa ya DC nthawi zambiri imavulazidwa ndi waya wandiweyani, ndipo chiwerengero chake chokhota chimachepa.
② Shunt yosangalatsa ya DC motor: Kumangirira kwa gawo la shunt yosangalatsa ya DC motor kumalumikizidwa molumikizana ndi mafunde a armature.Monga jenereta ya shunt, magetsi otsika kuchokera ku injini yokha amapereka mphamvu kumunda wokhotakhota;monga shunt motor, munda wokhotakhota Kugawana mphamvu yomweyondi armature, ndizofanana ndi mota ya DC yomwe yasangalatsidwa payokha malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito.
③ Payokha wokondwa mota ya DC: Mapiritsi akumunda alibe cholumikizira magetsi ndi zida, ndipo gawo lamunda limaperekedwa ndi magetsi ena a DC.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yakumunda simakhudzidwa ndi ma voltage terminal kapena zida zapano.
④ Galimoto ya DC yosangalatsa kwambiri: Galimoto yosangalatsa ya DC ili ndi mapindikidwe awiri osangalatsa, chisangalalo cha shunt ndi zosangalatsa zingapo.Ngati magnetomotive mphamvu kwaiye ndi mndandanda kukomerera mapiringidzo ndi mbali yomweyo monga mphamvu magnetomotive kwaiye ndi shunt malemeredwe mafunde, amatchedwa mankhwala pawiri chisangalalo.Ngati mayendedwe a mphamvu ziwiri za magnetomotive ndi zotsutsana, zimatchedwa kusiyana kophatikizana.
2. Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya DC motor
Pali maginito okhazikika okhala ngati mphete yokhazikika mkati mwa mota ya DC, ndipo yapano imadutsa pa koyilo pa rotor kuti ipange mphamvu ya ampere.Pamene koyilo pa rotor ikufanana ndi mphamvu ya maginito, njira ya maginito idzasintha pamene ikupitiriza kuzungulira, kotero kuti burashi kumapeto kwa rotor idzasinthana. panopa pa koyilo imasinthanso, ndipo njira ya mphamvu ya Lorentz yomwe imapangidwira imakhala yosasinthika, kotero galimotoyo imatha kuyendayenda kumbali imodzi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya jenereta ya DC ndikutembenuza mphamvu ya AC electromotive yomwe imalowa mu coil ya armature kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC ikatulutsidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa burashi ndi commutator ndi kusintha kwa burashi.
Mayendedwe a mphamvu ya electromotive yochititsa chidwi amatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi lamulo la dzanja lamanja (chingwe cha maginito chimalozera ku chikhatho cha dzanja, chala chachikulu chimalozera komwe kokondakita akuyenda, ndipo zala zina zinayi ndizolowera. mayendedwe a mphamvu ya electromotive mu kondakitala).
Kuwongolera kwa mphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa kondakitala imatsimikiziridwa ndi lamulo lakumanzere.Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi iyi imapanga torque yomwe imagwira ntchito pa armature.Torque iyi imatchedwa torque yamagetsi pamakina ozungulira magetsi.Mayendedwe a torque ndi mopingasa, kuyesera kuti chombocho chizungulire motsatana.Ngati torque yamagetsi iyi imatha kuthana ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi zida (monga torque yolimbana ndi mikangano ndi ma torque ena), zidazo zimatha kuzungulira motsata wotchi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-18-2023