What is the most serious failure of high-voltage motors?

Pali zifukwa zambiri za kulephera kwa ma AC high-voltage motors.Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kufufuza njira zowunikira komanso zomveka bwino zothanirana ndi zolephera zosiyanasiyana, ndikupereka njira zodzitetezera kuti muchepetse kulephera kwa ma mota othamanga kwambiri munthawi yake., kotero kuti kulephera kwa ma motors okwera kwambiri kumachepetsedwa chaka ndi chaka.

Kodi zolakwika zomwe zimafala kwambiri pamakina okwera magetsi ndi ziti?Kodi ziyenera kuchitidwa bwanji?

1. Kulephera kwa makina oziziritsa magalimoto

Kulephera kusanthula

Chifukwa cha zofunikira zopanga, ma motors okwera kwambiri amayamba pafupipafupi, amakhala ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu, ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu zamakina, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti makina aziziziritsa a mota alephereke.Izi makamaka zikuphatikizapo mitundu iyi:

Choyamba,chitoliro chozizirira chakunja chagalimoto chimawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kutayika kwa sing'anga yozizirira, zomwe zimachepetsa kuziziritsa kwamagetsi amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri.Kutha kwa kuzizira kumatsekedwa, kuchititsa kutentha kwa injini kukwera;

Chachiwiri,madzi ozizira akawonongeka, mapaipi oziziritsa amaphwanyidwa ndikutsekedwa ndi zonyansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo itenthe;

Chachitatu,mapaipi ena oziziritsa ndi otenthetsera kutentha ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa kutentha komanso kutulutsa kwamafuta.Chifukwa cha madigiri osiyanasiyana a shrinkage pakati pa zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mipata imasiyidwa.Mavuto a makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri zimachitika pa olowa pakati pa awiriwo, ndi madzi ozizira amalowa mwa iwo.Zotsatira zake, galimotoyo idzakhala ndi ngozi "yowombera", ndipo galimotoyo idzangoyima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isagwire ntchito bwino.

Kukonza njira

Yang'anirani payipi yozizirira yakunja kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa sing'anga yozizirira yakunja.Limbikitsani ubwino wa madzi ozizira ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wa zonyansa m'mapaipi oziziritsa madzi komanso kutsekereza njira zozizirira.Kusungirako mafuta mu condenser kumachepetsa kutentha kwa condenser ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa refrigerant yamadzimadzi.Poona kutayikira kwa mapaipi ozizirira akunja a aluminiyamu, chowunikira cha chowunikira chimayenda pafupi ndi mbali zonse zomwe zitha kutayikira.Pazigawo zomwe zimayenera kuyang'aniridwa, monga zolumikizira, ma welds, ndi zina zambiri, dongosololi limayendetsedwanso kuti chowunikira chowunikira chizigwiritsidwanso ntchito.Dongosolo lenileni ndikutengera njira zokonzera zosindikizira, kuyika zinthu ndi kusindikiza.Pokonza pamalopo, guluu liyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otayikira a chitoliro chakunja chozizira cha aluminiyamu chamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, chomwe chingalepheretse kulumikizana pakati pa chitsulo ndi aluminiyumu ndikukwaniritsa bwino anti-oxidation.

2. Kulephera kwa injini ya rotor

Kulephera kusanthula

Panthawi yoyambira ndi kulemetsa kwa injiniyo, mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, mphete yachidule ya rotor yamkati ya injini imalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chamkuwa, ndikupangitsa kuti mzere wamkuwa wa rotor usungunuke pang'onopang'ono.Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa mphete yomalizayo siinapangidwe kuchokera pachidutswa chimodzi chamkuwa, msoko wowotcherera umakhala wosasunthika bwino ndipo ungayambitse kusweka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito.Ngati chitsulo chamkuwa ndi pachimake chachitsulo zikugwirizana kwambiri, chotchingacho chimagwedezeka panjira, zomwe zingapangitse kuti chitsulo chamkuwa kapena mphete yomaliza ithyoke.Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko yoyikayi sikuchitika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso laling'ono pamwamba pa ndodo ya waya.Ngati kutentha sikungatheke panthawi yake, kumayambitsa kufalikira ndi kusinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwedezeka kwa rotor kukule.

Kukonza njira

Choyamba, malo omwe amawotchera mawotchi amagetsi othamanga kwambiri amayenera kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo zinyalala zomwe zili pakatikati pake ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino.Yang'anani makamaka ngati pali mipiringidzo yosweka, ming'alu ndi zolakwika zina, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamkuwa kuti muwotchere pazitsulo zowotcherera, ndi kumangitsa zomangira zonse.Akamaliza, ntchito yachibadwa idzayamba.Chitani kuyendera mwatsatanetsatane kwa kuzungulira kwa rotor kuti muyang'ane pa kupewa.Akapezeka, amafunika kusinthidwa munthawi yake kuti chitsulo chisawotchedwe kwambiri.Yang'anani nthawi zonse momwe ma bolt amamangirira pachimake, ikaninso rotor, ndikuyesa kutayika kwapakati ngati kuli kofunikira.

3. High-voltage motor stator koyilo kulephera

Kulephera kusanthula

Pakati pa zolakwika zamagalimoto okwera kwambiri, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma stator ma windings amapitilira 40%.Moto wamagetsi okwera kwambiri ukayamba ndikuyima mwachangu kapena kusintha katundu mwachangu, kugwedezeka kwamakina kumapangitsa kuti pakatikati pa stator ndi mafunde a stator zisunthike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kutentha.Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa malo otsekemera ndikusintha momwe malo osungiramo zinthu amasinthira, motero kumayambitsa kusintha kosiyanasiyana kokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha malo otsekemera.Chifukwa cha mafuta, nthunzi wamadzi ndi dothi pamtunda wokhotakhota komanso kutulutsa pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a mafunde a stator, utoto wofiira wa anti-halo womwe uli pamwamba pa nsonga yamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pagawo lolumikizana wasanduka wakuda.Gawo lotsogolera lapamwamba kwambiri linayang'aniridwa ndipo linapezeka kuti gawo losweka la chiwongolero chapamwamba kwambiri linali pamphepete mwa stator frame.Kupitiriza ntchito m'malo chinyezi zinachititsa kukalamba kwa kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza wa mkulu-voteji kutsogolera waya wa stator yokhotakhota, chifukwa mu kuchepa kwa kutchinjiriza kukana kwa mapiringidzo.

Kukonza njira

Malinga ndi momwe malo omangira amagwirira ntchito, gawo lotsogola lamphamvu kwambiri la ma motor windings limakutidwa ndi tepi yotsekera.Malinga ndi njira ya "chopachika" njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzaamagetsi, pang'onopang'ono kwezani m'mphepete mwachitsulo chapamwamba cha koyilo yolakwika 30 mpaka 40 mm kutali ndi khoma lamkati la stator core ndikuyesera kukonza.Gwiritsani ntchito cholembera chosavuta chophika kuti mutseke gawo lomwe lakutidwa kumene, gwiritsani ntchito tepi ya ufa wa mica kuti mumangire gawo lolunjika lakumtunda kuti mutseke pansi kwa zigawo 10 mpaka 12, ndikukulunga mphuno za malekezero onse awiri. koyilo yoyandikana nayo kuti muyitseke pansi, ndi m'mphepete mwa bevel kumapeto kwa koyilo Ikani penti yopingasa kwambiri ya semiconductor pazigawo zokhala ndi burashi kutalika kwa 12mm.Ndi bwino kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kawiri iliyonse.Limbaninso zomangira zomangira musanayambe kutentha kachiwiri.

4. Kukhala ndi kulephera

Kulephera kusanthula

Mipira yozama yakuya ndi ma cylindrical roller bearings amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama motors okwera kwambiri.Zifukwa zazikulu za kulephera kwa magalimoto ndi kukhazikitsa kosamveka komanso kulephera kukhazikitsa molingana ndi malamulo ofananira nawo.Ngati mafutawo sali oyenerera, ngati kutentha kuli kosazolowereka, ntchito yamafuta idzasinthanso kwambiri.Zochitika izi zimapangitsa kuti ma bearings azikhala ndi zovuta komanso kuchititsa kulephera kwa injini.Ngati koyiloyo sinakhazikike bwino, koyiloyo ndi pachimake chachitsulo zimanjenjemera, ndipo choyikapo chimakhala ndi katundu wochulukirapo wa axial, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chiwotchedwe.

Kukonza njira

Miyezo yapadera yamagalimoto imaphatikizapo mitundu yotseguka ndi yotsekedwa, ndipo kusankha kwapadera kuyenera kutengera momwe zinthu zilili.Kwa mayendedwe, chilolezo chapadera ndi mafuta ziyenera kusankhidwa.Mukayika chonyamulira, tcherani khutu pakusankhidwa kwa mafuta.Nthawi zina mafuta omwe ali ndi zowonjezera za EP amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mafuta ochepa kwambiri amatha kuikidwa pamanja amkati.Mafuta amatha kupititsa patsogolo moyo wogwirira ntchito wa mayendedwe amoto.Sankhani bwino ma fani ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kuti muchepetse kutulutsa kwa ma radial pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yochepera yakunja ya mphete kuti mupewe.Mukasonkhanitsa injini, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa miyeso yofananira ya chonyamulira ndi shaft ya rotor pakukhazikitsa.

5. Kuwonongeka kwa insulation

Kulephera kusanthula

Ngati chilengedwe chimakhala chonyowa komanso magetsi ndi matenthedwe akuyenda bwino, ndikosavuta kupangitsa kutentha kwagalimoto kukwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsuka kwa mphira kuwonongeke kapena kung'ambika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayendedwe azitha kumasula, kusweka kapena ngakhale kutulutsa arc. .Kugwedezeka kwa Axial kumayambitsa kukangana pakati pa coil pamwamba ndi pad ndi pachimake, kupangitsa kuvala kwa semiconductor anti-corona wosanjikiza kunja kwa koyilo.Zikavuta kwambiri, zimawononga mwachindunji kutsekereza kwakukulu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chotchinga chachikulu.Moto wamagetsi okwera kwambiri ukakhala wonyowa, kukana kwa zinthu zake zotsekera sikungakwaniritse zofunikira zamagalimoto okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo isagwire bwino ntchito;injini yothamanga kwambiri yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, anti-corrosion wosanjikiza ndi stator pachimake sakulumikizana bwino, arcing zimachitika, ndipo ma motor windings amawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo isagwire bwino ntchito.;Pambuyo pa dothi lamkati lamafuta amagetsi okwera kwambiri amizidwa muzitsulo zazikuluzikulu, zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa dera lalifupi pakati pa kutembenuka kwa koyilo ya stator, ndi zina zambiri. .

Kukonza njira

Tekinoloje ya insulation ndi imodzi mwamakina ofunikira pakupanga ndi kukonza magalimoto.Kuti mutsimikizire kukhazikika kwa mota kwa nthawi yayitali, kukana kutentha kwa chotchingira kuyenera kuwongolera.Chotchinga chotchinga cha zida za semiconductor kapena zitsulo zimayikidwa mkati mwazotsekera zazikulu kuti zithandizire kugawa kwamagetsi pamtunda.Dongosolo lokhazikika lathunthu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuti dongosololi lisakane kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma.

Kodi kulephera kwakukulu kwa ma motors okwera kwambiri ndi chiyani?

1. Zolakwika zofala zamakina othamanga kwambiri

Kulephera kwamagetsi

(1) Gawo-to-gawo lalifupi laling'ono la stator

Gawo-to-gawo lalifupi laling'ono la stator winding ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri la injini.Zidzawononga kwambiri kutsekereza kwa injini yokhayo ndikuwotcha pachimake chachitsulo.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zidzachepetsa kuchepa kwa magetsi a gridi, kukhudza kapena kuwononga mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya ogwiritsa ntchito ena.Choncho, pamafunika kuchotsa injini yolakwika mwamsanga.

(2) Inter-turn short circuit ya gawo limodzi lokhotakhota

Pamene kupota kwa gawo la galimoto kumakhala kofupikitsa pakati pa kutembenuka, gawo lolakwika likuwonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezereka kwaposachedwa kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa matembenuzidwe afupipafupi.Dongosolo lalifupi la inter-turn limawononga ma symmetrical symmetrical ya mota ndikupangitsa kutentha kwambiri kwanuko.

(3) Gawo limodzi loyambira lalifupi

Netiweki yamagetsi yamagetsi okwera kwambiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yosalowerera ndale osakhazikika mwachindunji.Pamene vuto limodzi la gawo limodzi limapezeka mumoto wothamanga kwambiri, ngati mphamvu yapansi ili yaikulu kuposa 10A, chigawo cha stator cha galimoto chidzawotchedwa.Kuonjezera apo, vuto limodzi la gawo limodzi likhoza kukhala gawo laling'ono lachidule kapena gawo laling'ono.Malingana ndi kukula kwa nthaka yamakono, galimoto yolakwika ikhoza kuchotsedwa kapena chizindikiro cha alamu chikhoza kuperekedwa.

(4) Gawo limodzi la magetsi kapena mafunde a stator ndi dera lotseguka

Kuzungulira kotseguka kwa gawo limodzi lamagetsi kapena mafunde a stator kumapangitsa kuti mota igwire ntchito ndikutayika kwa gawo, gawo la conduction likuwonjezeka, kutentha kwa mota kumakwera kwambiri, phokoso limachulukira, ndipo kugwedezeka kumawonjezeka.Imitsani makinawo mwachangu, apo ayi injiniyo idzayaka.

(5) Mphamvu zamagetsi ndizokwera kwambiri kapena zotsika kwambiri

Ngati magetsi ndi okwera kwambiri, maginito ozungulira a stator core adzakhala odzaza, ndipo zamakono zidzawonjezeka mofulumira;ngati voteji ndi yotsika kwambiri, torque ya injini idzachepa, ndipo mphamvu ya stator ya galimoto yomwe ikuyenda ndi katundu idzawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo itenthe, ndipo muzovuta kwambiri, galimotoyo idzayaka.

kulephera kwamakina

(1) Kubereka kapena kusowa kwa mafuta

Kukhala ndi kulephera kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa injini kukwera komanso phokoso liwonjezeke.Pazovuta kwambiri, ma bearings amatha kutsekeka ndipo mota imatha kupsa.

(2) Kusakonza bwino kwa zida zamagalimoto

Posonkhanitsa injini, zogwirira ntchito zimakhala zosagwirizana ndipo zophimba zazing'ono zamkati ndi zakunja za injiniyo zimapaka tsinde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo ikhale yotentha komanso yaphokoso.

(3) Kusokonekera bwino kolumikizana

Mphamvu yotumizira shaft imawonjezera kutentha kwa chonyamulira ndikuwonjezera kugwedezeka kwagalimoto.Pazovuta kwambiri, zimawononga mayendedwe ndikuwotcha mota.

2. Chitetezo chamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri

Chitetezo cha gawo ndi gawo lalifupi

Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chitetezo chanthawi yayitali kapena chotalikirapo chikuwonetsa cholakwika cha gawo ndi gawo lalifupi la motor stator.Ma motors okhala ndi mphamvu zosakwana 2MW ali ndi chitetezo chanthawi yayitali;ma motors ofunikira okhala ndi mphamvu ya 2MW ndi kupitilira kapena kuchepera 2MW koma kukhudzika kwachitetezo kwanthawi yayitali sikungakwaniritse zofunikira komanso kukhala ndi mawaya asanu ndi limodzi otulutsa amatha kukhala ndi chitetezo chakutali.Kutetezedwa kwa gawo-to-gawo kwanthawi yayitali kwagalimoto kumachita pakupunthwa;kwa ma synchronous motors okhala ndi zida za demagnetization zokha, chitetezocho chiyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu pa demagnetization.

Negative mndandanda chitetezo panopa

Monga chitetezo cha motor inter-turn, kulephera kwa gawo, kusinthidwa kwa gawo ndi kusalinganika kwakukulu kwamagetsi, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosunga zobwezeretsera pachitetezo chachikulu cha kusalinganika kwa magawo atatu ndi vuto lapakati pagawo lalifupi la injini.Chitetezo chamakono chotsatizana chimagwira ntchito paulendo kapena chizindikiro.

Single gawo pansi chitetezo cholakwa

Netiweki yamagetsi yamagetsi okwera kwambiri nthawi zambiri imakhala kachitidwe kakang'ono kamene kamayambira.Kukhazikika kwa gawo limodzi kukuchitika, mphamvu yokhayo yomwe imalowa pansi ndi yomwe imadutsa pamalo olakwika, omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga pang'ono.Pokhapokha pamene mazikowo ali aakulu kuposa 5A, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chitetezo cha gawo limodzi kuyenera kuganiziridwa.Pamene maziko a capacitor panopa ndi 10A ndi pamwamba, chitetezo chikhoza kugwira ntchito ndi malire a nthawi yodutsa;pamene mphamvu yoyambira pansi ili pansi pa 10A, chitetezo chikhoza kugwira ntchito podutsa kapena kusaina.Mawaya ndi kukhazikitsa kwa motor single-phase ground fault protection ndi zofanana ndi za mzere umodzi wagawo chitetezo chapansi.

Low voltage chitetezo

Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa kwa nthawi yochepa kapena imabwezeretsedwa pambuyo pa kusokoneza, ma motors ambiri amayamba nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti magetsi abwerere kwa nthawi yaitali kapena kulephera kuchira.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuyambika kwa ma motors ofunikira, pazifukwa zosafunika za injini kapena njira kapena zifukwa zachitetezo, sikuloledwa kuyika chitetezo chamagetsi otsika pamakina oyambira okha ndikuchedwa kuchitapo kanthu musanadutse..

Chitetezo chambiri

Kuchulukirachulukira kwanthawi yayitali kumapangitsa kutentha kwa injini kukwera kuposa mtengo wovomerezeka, kupangitsa kuti kusungunula kukalamba komanso kupangitsa kulephera.Chifukwa chake, ma mota omwe amatha kuchulukira panthawi yogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chochulukirapo.Kutengera kufunikira kwa mota komanso momwe zimakhalira mochulukira, zomwe zimachitika zitha kukhazikitsidwa kuti ziziwonetsa, kuchepetsa katundu kapena kutsika.

Chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali

Nthawi yoyambira injini ndiyotalika kwambiri.Pamene nthawi yeniyeni yoyambira injini idutsa nthawi yovomerezeka, chitetezo chidzayenda.

Kuteteza kutenthedwa

Imayankha kuwonjezeka kwamayendedwe abwino a stator kapena kuchitika kwa njira yolakwika yotsatizana chifukwa cha chifukwa chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo itenthe kwambiri, ndipo chitetezo chimagwira ntchito ku alarm kapena ulendo.Kutentha kwambiri kumaletsa kuyambitsanso.

Chitetezo cha rotor choyimitsidwa (chitetezo chokhazikika chotsatira)

Ngati injini yatsekeredwa poyambira kapena kuthamanga, chitetezo chimayendera.Kwa ma motors synchronous, chitetezo chakunja, kutayika kwa chitetezo champhamvu komanso chitetezo champhamvu cha asynchronous chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-10-2023